Fig. 4 Effect of ionic content of LC medium.

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Fig. 4 Effect of ionic content of LC medium. Effect of ionic content of LC medium. (A) Schematic diagram of the LC alignment (an ellipsoid) at the surface (blue); ep, eef, and elc show the easy axes determined by interactions with the polymer capping, electrostatic interactions, and the LC alignment resulting from their competition, respectively. Φ is an electric potential varying over the thickness of the double layer, and r is a distance from the platelet surface. A red arrow shows the direction of EDL. Positive and negative charges are shown by green and yellow filled circles, respectively. The right-side insets schematically show the density of a positive charge (green spheres) at the platelet surface in as-purchased and doped 5CB. (B to D) Distributions of orientation for platelets in a planar cell when dispersed in pure 5CB (B) and salt-doped 5CB for NaCl concentrations of 1 nmol/ml (C) and 0.1 nmol/ml (D). Insets in (B) and (C) are optical micrographs of platelets at orientation, tilted and parallel to n0 in the respective LC media. (E) Change of θ with time for a platelet in pure 5CB due to absorption of ions from the atmosphere. (F) Distributions of platelet orientations showing discrete increments in the angle θ. The red line is a Gaussian fit of the central part of a distribution shown in (E) corresponding to the completed step during the change of the orientation. Haridas Mundoor et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaax4257 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).