Improved pain management outcomes with continuous infusion of a local anesthetic after thoracotomy  Grayson H. Wheatley, MD, David H. Rosenbaum, MD, Michelle C. Paul, BS, Alan P. Dine, BSN, Michael A. Wait, MD, Dan M. Meyer, MD, Michael E. Jessen, MD, W. Steves Ring, MD, J. Michael DiMaio, MD  The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  Volume 130, Issue 2, Pages 464-468 (August 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.02.011 Copyright © 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Narcotic use during the first 4 days after surgical intervention and total as assessed by determining morphine equivalency for all narcotics used. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2005 130, 464-468DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.02.011) Copyright © 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Comparison of VAS pain scores among the 3 pain management groups. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2005 130, 464-468DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.02.011) Copyright © 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions