RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Thermodynamic and thermo economic analysis of organic Rankine cycle with multi-objective optimization for working fluid selection with low- temperature waste sources in the Indian industry Authors Bipul Krishna Saha , Basab Chakraborty, Prashant Pundeer RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Introduction 1. Primary energy Consumption in India (2016) 2. Sector wise energy consumption India (2015) 1 .[wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Sources_of_Electrical_Energy_2016.pdf, last checked Nov 2016] 2. [ http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/Energy_stats_2015_26mar15.pdf , last checked Nov 2016] Waste Heat High Grade (800°C-1650°C) Medium Grade (500°C-800°C) Low Grade (90°C-500°C) 50% or more of the total waste heat produced in the industry remains unused. [Mohammed et al. 2013] [https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/waste_heat_to_power_systems.pdf, last checked June 2016] RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

Introduction- Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system Dry (A), Wet (B) and Isentropic (c) fluid (Liu et al. 2004).

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Technological Gaps There are no literature available for an estimation of low grade waste heat in Indian industries . There is a no methodology discussed in literature for selection of waste heat for different waste heat temperature. There is a no tool available for optimization for ORC system for different waste heat . Performances of basic ORC and RORC cycles have been represented in literature. There modification are also present. However, the present efficiency are less than 26%. Therefore the cycle configuration for higher efficiency will explore. No significant demonstration of the ORC technology is carried out specifically in Indian industrial sector, its financial viability is yet unexplored. RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Objective Estimation of waste heat potential in Indian industry. Selection of working fluid for different industry based on their waste heat temperature. Performance analysis of ORC system to exploit low-grade waste heat power generation in Indian industry. Experimental study of the novel ORC configuration under variable waste heat temperature. RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

Methodology for the Study: Validation of process simulator Use of simulation tools Commercial simulators such as Aspen Hysys used. Selection of equation of state. Comparative study on fluid property in different simulator. Validation of Process simulator based on experimental data RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Methodology for the Study: A working fluid selection for organic Rankine Cycle Step 1 Cycle operating conditions Thermophysical properties of the fluids Safety properties of the fluids Environmental properties of the fluids Cycle calculated output parameter Step 2 Cycle operating conditions analysis Cycle performance analysis Cycle cost analysis Fluids thermal stability and compatibility analysis Fluids safety data analysis Fluids environmental impact comparison Fluids cost and availability comparison RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

Methodology for the Study: Multi-objective optimization In this work, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) has been applied for multi-objective optimization where x represents the decision variables vector, R represents the constraints, and V-min denotes to obtaining the minimum of the multi-objective function vector f(x). If the solution x1 ∈ X is more optimal than all the other solutions in X, then, x1 is reflected as the Pareto optimal solution. In the study, the minimum LEC and maximum EXE are obtained by the objective function as follows

Methodology for the Study: Validation of process simulator RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Result and discussion Fig. 1. Compressibility factor (Z) data of R-123 generated by Aspen Hysys® with respect to temperature after addition of tabular data from REFPROP, Reference Temperature 0°C and Pressure 1 bar. Fig. 2. Thermal conductivity data of R-123 generated by Aspen Hysys® with respect to temperature after addition of tabular data from REFPROP, Reference Temperature 0°C and Pressure 1 bar. Fig. 4. Viscosity data of R-123 generated by Aspen Hysys® with respect to temperature after addition of tabular data from REFPROP, Reference Temperature 0°C and Pressure 1 bar. Fig. 3. Transport property (Cp/Cv) data of R-123 generated by Aspen Hysys® with respect to temperature after addition of tabular data from REFPROP, Reference Temperature 0°C and Pressure 1 bar. RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Result and discussion Fig. 9. Economic indicator SIPP Fig. 8. Net power output RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Fig. 10. Efficiency of the system

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Result and discussion Fig. 11. Net power output RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Fig. 12. Efficiency of the system

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Result and discussion Fig. 13. B Fig. 13. A Fig. 13. D, Optimal compromise solution on the Pareto frontiers of top performances fluids in all section RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Fig. 13. C

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Result and discussion Fig. 14. A Fig. 14. B Fig. 14. D, Optimal compromise solution on the Pareto frontiers of top performances fluids in all section RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Fig. 14. C

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Result and discussion Fig. 15. Comparison of ORC and RORC with different working fluids of optimal compromise solutions. (a) ORC and (b) RORC RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Conclusion Both the cycles have been simulated under steady state condition. The preloaded numerical method used in Aspen Hysys may not deliver accurate results. The variation of the material property of the equipment with respect to temperature, which has been manually added, that may not be perfect. The proper order of cool- down operation of the real plant is unknown. RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Conclusion The analysis of the present work assessed the technically recoverable part of waste heat in the main industrial sectors in the India The waste heat potential in the India has been estimated, with its largest part within the 100–200 °C range. Waste heat below 100 °C is minor, while significant quantities exist within the 200–500 °C range. The ORC power generation potential in the India has been estimated. Regenerative ORC with an objective of identifying the best working fluid in Indian context. In this case, Heptane is showing is most promosing working fluid. RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India

RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India Thank you  RMSoEE, IIT Kharagpur, India