REVIEW ECOLOGY

Identify an abiotic factor: sunlight water air minerals soil Heat?/temp

Identify a biotic factor: bird snake grass algae animals protists bacteria plants fungi algae protists bacteria

Give examples of autotrophs or producers moss algae Some bacteria …cyanobacteria plants

The producers in aquatic systems, like the ocean, lakes, ponds, and rivers are: Phytoplankton (algae & cyanobacteria) Cyanobacteria- (first organisms to produce oxygen) algae

Give examples of heterotrophs or consumers Some bacteria Some protists Fungi animals

Give examples of decomposers Fungi and bacteria

Which organism is in the fourth trophic level? mackerel

Which is a secondary consumer? lion

Which organisms are heterotrophs ? Zooplankton, small fish, mackerel, mahi mahi, large shark

What type of consumer is the butterfly? Herbivore

What type of consumer is the dragonfly? Carnivore

What type of consumer is the bird? Omnivore

Which organism is an autotroph? phytoplankton

Which is a herbivore? crustacean

Which is a producer? flower

Which organism is a secondary consumer? Small fish

Which is a tertiary consumer? snake

90% Metabolism & Heat Why is so much energy “lost”? How much energy (in %) is lost at each trophic level? 90% Why is so much energy “lost”? Metabolism & Heat

10% How much energy (in %) is transferred to the next each trophic level? 10%

8 kcal The first trophic level contains 8000 kcal of energy. How much energy is available to the fourth trophic level? 8 kcal 8 kcal 80 kcal 800 kcal 8000 kcal

Which organism has the smallest population? Eagle

Which organism is in the trophic level that contains the most biomass? Phytoplankton

Which organism is in the trophic level that contains the least biomass? Shark

a decrease in the grasshopper population What is the short-term effect on the grasshopper population if the pythons are removed from this community? a decrease in the grasshopper population

An increase in the grasshopper population What is the short-term effect on the grasshopper population if the population of foxes increases in this community? An increase in the grasshopper population

Natural selection acts to _____________________________ These warblers feed on insects on different parts of the tree. Each warbler occupies a different_________. niche Because….. Natural selection acts to _____________________________ minimize/decrease competition.

Competition Between Two Species of Barnacles

This is an example of …….. Competition

This is an example of …….. Predator/Prey

Predator/Prey An interaction in which one animal captures and feeds on another animal. Predator/Prey

A population increases when _________ and/or _____________ increase births immigration A population decreases when ________ and/or ____________ increase deaths emigration

Give some examples of limiting factors food water space predators disease

Describe rate of growth during the time period indicated below Very slow ?

Describe rate of growth during the time period indicated below Slow ?

Describe rate of growth during the time period indicated below Rapid ?

Describe rate of growth during the time period indicated below Very rapid ?

What does M represent? Carrying Capacity Number of Individuals Time

Which graph represents a population that grew and is maintained at the carrying capacity of its ecosystem? a. b. c. d.

The graph below shows the changes in the size of a fish population over a period of time. The dashed line on the graph represents the Carrying capacity

Which graph represents an invasive species after a few years of being introduced to a new area?

Carrying capacity What does the dotted line represent?

The carrying capacity decreased What happened to the carrying capacity? Carrying capacity The carrying capacity decreased

Why did the carrying capacity decrease? Natural disaster Carrying capacity New predator Disease Invasive species

Grasses and shrubs are growing on a deforested area. This is an example of _____________________ secondary succession

Mosses growing on a new volcanic island is an example of ___________________ primary succession

Burning fossil fuels produces….. Pollutants & Carbon dioxide, CO2

What is the problem with CO2. CO2 is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere thereby keeping Earth warm. But too much CO2 traps too much heat leading to an increase in the average global temperature, global warming.

Which organism is able to alleviate the effect of global warming by removing CO2 from the atmosphere? Plants Photosynthesis: Plants take in CO2 and fixed it into glucose (organic compound)

What processes return water to the atmosphere? Evaporation and Transpiration

What are some of the greatest threats to Biodiversity? Deforestation Invasive species Pollution Climate change