Conceptual framework of cost-effectiveness of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) therapy. Conceptual framework of cost-effectiveness of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) therapy. ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness analysis; QALY, quality-adjusted life year. Heesoo Joo et al. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2017;2:73-83 © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.