Time-Course of Changes in Arm Impairment After Stroke: Variables Predicting Motor Recovery Over 12 Months  Mehdi M. Mirbagheri, PhD, W. Zev Rymer, MD,

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Time-Course of Changes in Arm Impairment After Stroke: Variables Predicting Motor Recovery Over 12 Months  Mehdi M. Mirbagheri, PhD, W. Zev Rymer, MD, PhD  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  Volume 89, Issue 8, Pages 1507-1513 (August 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.017 Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 A typical movement trajectory of rapid elbow extension generated by a typical nonparetic and paretic arm at 1 month poststroke for (A) position, (B) velocity, and (C) acceleration. Abbreviations: Ap, peak acceleration; AROM, active range of motion; Vp, peak velocity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 1507-1513DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.017) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Recovery patterns of motor impairment assessed by the FMA. (A) The predicted means are the solid lines; the observed means are the dashed lines. (B) The mean trends are the solid lines. The boundaries (±1 SD) are the dashed lines. Red, class 1; blue, class 2. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 1507-1513DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.017) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Kinematic and kinetic variables that are significantly different between the paretic and nonparetic arm at 1 month poststroke. Values are group averages ± SDs. Abbreviations: Ap, peak acceleration; AROM, active range of motion; MVCEX, isometric muscle strength of elbow extensors; MVCFL, isometric muscle strength of elbow flexors; SM, movement smoothness; Va, movement speed; Vp, peak velocity. All variables are significant for comparisons between the paretic and nonparetic arms (P<.001). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 1507-1513DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.017) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions