2.3 States of Matter Science 8 Name:______________________ Date:________________________ Block:_____

Properties of the States of Matter There are 4 states of matter: Solid Holds its own shape Has a constant volume Example: wood, silver, stone, plastic Liquid Takes the shape of the container Has a constant volume and a surface Example: oil, juice, gasoline

Properties of the States of Matter There are 4 states of matter: 3. Gas Takes the shape and volume of its container Can be compressed 4. Plasma Similar to a gas Doesn’t have a defined shape or volume Have different electrical properties compared to a gas.

Matter is made of particles in constant motion. Scientists used a model to develop a theory about the behaviour of all states of matter.

What is the difference between a model and a theory? consists of words, pictures, physical objects, math equations to represent events in nature. Models help us visualize how things work Theory: A scientific explanation that has been supported by repeated experiments with the same results each time.

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) Matter can also be described by the Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion. The amount of kinetic energy an object has will determine what state (solid, liquid or gas) it is found in. Kinetic Molecular Theory is used to explain the behaviour of the particles in all these three states of matter.

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) All matter is made up of very small particles There is space between particles. Particles are always moving. Energy makes the particles move

Energy and the Movement of Particles When you add energy to matter, the kinetic energy of the particles increases. Particles begin to move faster and bump into each other more often creating more space between them. The temperature of matter is the average amount of kinetic energy of its particles. To increase temperature, energy is added to matter.

States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory When enough energy is added or removed from matter, a change in state can occur. The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Please write the state of matter under each box.

States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory The KMT explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Particles in a Solid: Very close together Vibrate but do not move around Attract one another strongly in a rigid structure

States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Particles in a Liquid: Very close together Slip and slide past an revolve around one another Attract one another less strongly than in solids

States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory Particles in a Gas: Very far apart compared to their size Move randomly and quickly in straight lines Attraction to one another is effectively zero

Changes in state result from changes in particle motion. Changes of state: Occur when matter transforms from one state to another Example: liquid water to solid ice

Changes of State aka Phase Changes Evaporation Sublimation deposition Condensation