Sectional Conflict Section 1

What was the Wilmot Proviso? A proposed law that would ban slavery in any territory gained from Mexico It did not pass

Who was Lewis Cass? Cass was a proponent of popular sovereignty, which allowed citizens of each new territory to decide the question of slavery

Who were the Conscience Whigs? Northern Whigs who opposed slavery

Who were the Cotton Whigs? Northern Whigs who were dependent on southern cotton

What was the Free Soil Party? Party formed by the Conscience Whigs, anti-slavery Democrats, and the Liberty Party They opposed slavery

Who won the Election of 1848? Whig candidate Zachary Taylor Democrat candidate Lewis Cass Free Soil candidate Martin Van Buren Taylor wins by avoiding this issue of slavery

Who were the 49ers? In 1849, nearly 80,000 people headed to California in search of gold California applies for statehood as a free state This upsets southerners

Who was Henry Clay? Clay developed the Compromise of 1850 to settle the issue of the west California is a free state No restrictions on slavery in other territories No slave trade in Washington DC Government could not outlaw domestic slave trade New fugitive slave laws The compromise passes but prolongs the slavery issue

Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe? Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Southerners do not like how they are portrayed Northerners get some insight on realities of slavery

What was the Fugitive Slave Act? Any African American accused of begin a runaway slave could be arrested and returned to the south A person who refused to help capture a fugitive slave could be jailed Fredrick Douglas encouraged civil disobedience in disobeying the fugitive slave law on moral grounds.

What was the Underground Railroad? White and free African Americans helped runaway slaves escape from the south Harriet Tubman

Sectional Conflict Section 2

What was the Transcontinental Railroad? Railroad that connected the west coast with the rest of the country Northern route would start in Chicago and travel west

Was there a proposed Southern Transcontinental Railroad? Yes Planned on being built through the newly acquired Gadsden PUrchase

What was the Kansas/Nebraska Act? Creates the state of Nebraska Creates the state of Kansas Repeals the Missouri Compromise Allows popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in new states

What was Bleeding Kansas? Missourians go to Kansas and vote for a pro slavery government Anti-slavery settlers in Topeka create a government banning slavery Fighting and violence break out between the two groups

What did Charles Sumner and Andrew Butler fight about? Sumner accuses Butler of being a pro-slavery leader Butler’s cousin, Representative Preston Brooks, severely beats Sumner with his cane Southerners thought Brooks was a hero Northerners became determined to end slavery

What happened to the Whig Party? The Whig Party was destroyed over the controversy of the Kansas Nebraska Act

What were the Republican Party beliefs? Created in 1854 No expansion of slavery

Who won the Election of 1856? Republican John C. Fremont (Kansas free) Democrat James Buchanan (would make concessions to the south) American Party Millard Fillmore (Kansas free) Won by Buchanan

What was the Dred Scott Case? Believed he was a free man because he was taken into free territory Court’s Ruling African Americans weren’t citizens, therefore couldn’t use the courts Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it forced slave owners to give up their property when entering a free state

What was the Lecompton Constitution? Kansas pro-slavery government Referendum- refer to the people for a vote President Buchanan wanted to admit Kansas as a slave state The Senate approved Kansas’ statehood; the House denied Kansas’s statehood Kansas didn’t become a state until 1861

Sectional Conflict Section 3

What were the Lincoln-Douglas Debates? Lincoln and Douglas held a series of debates to be an Illinois representative in the senate Douglas won the election Lincoln established himself as a leader of the new republican party

What was the Freeport Doctrine? states to keep the Dred Scott ruling, but citizens could outlaw slavery by a vote

Who was John Brown? An abolitionist who believed God wanted him to free the slaves Planned a insurrection or rebellion against slaveholders Brown was caught, tried, and put to death Northerners saw him as a martyr Southerners saw him as a person out to kill slave owners

Who won the Election of 1860? Northern Democrats Stephen Douglas (popular sovereignty) Southern Democrats John C. Breckenridge (supports Dred Scott decision) Constitutional Party John Bell (no opinion on slavery) Republicans Abraham Lincoln (no expansion of slavery)

What happened as a result of Lincoln’s victory? The south sees it as a victory for abolition By February 1861, South Carolina and six other states seceded

What was Crittendon’s Compromise? Slavery is legal where it already existed Reinstate the Missouri Compromise It fails

What happened at the Washington D.C. Peace Conference? Last ditch effort to save the Union No southerners attended the conference It fails

What is a Confederacy? Confederate States of America February 8, 1861, creation of the confederacy- a loose Union of independent states

What were the differences between the U. S What were the differences between the U.S. Constitution and the Confederate Constitution? Each state is independent Legalized slavery

Who was Jefferson Davis? First and only president of the Confederacy Named Richmond, VA as the Confederate capital He was a southern plantation owner (Louisiana) Mexican War veteran Zachary Taylor’s Son in Law

What happened at Fort Sumter? The U.S. tries to keep all federal property in the south Lincoln plans to re-supply Fort Sumter Davis orders an attack The Union surrendered and the Civil War began

What is Martial Law? Martial Law means military rule Lincoln issues Martial Law to prevent Maryland from succeeding

What states seceded to the Confederacy? Virginia North Carolina Tennessee Arkansas Texas Louisiana Mississippi Alabama Georgia South Carolina Florida

What states were border states and remained in the Union? Maryland West Virginia-1860 Kentucky Missouri