Effects of inhibitors of PI3K, MEK1, and GSK-3β on visfatin-induced proliferation in HepG2 cells. Effects of inhibitors of PI3K, MEK1, and GSK-3β on visfatin-induced proliferation in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor (A), PD98059, an MEK1 inhibitor (B), or CHIR99021, a GSK-3β inhibitor (C), in the absence or presence of visfatin (100 or 400 ng/mL) for 48 hours. Cell proliferation was evaluated by an XTT assay. Results were expressed as a percentage of the control value. Bars, SD of triplicate assays. *, P < 0.05. Soranobu Ninomiya et al. Cancer Prev Res 2011;4:2092-2100 ©2011 by American Association for Cancer Research