Guro Valen, MD, PhD, Gabrielle Paulsson, PhD, Jarle Vaage, MD, PhD 

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Induction of inflammatory mediators during reperfusion of the human heart  Guro Valen, MD, PhD, Gabrielle Paulsson, PhD, Jarle Vaage, MD, PhD  The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  Volume 71, Issue 1, Pages 226-232 (January 2001) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02146-9

Fig 1 Polyacrylamide gel with RT-PCR products of left ventricular biopsies of 1 patient with unstable angina scheduled for acute CABG. [33P]dATP was incorporated to detect PCR products in the linear phase of the PCR. In left ventricular biopsies before cardioplegia (B) and after reperfusion (A), primers for housekeeping gene histone H3 (215 bp), E-selectin (CD62E, 255 bp), eNOS (737 bp), IL-1β (464 bp), TNFα (444 bp), CD25 (312 bp), ICAM-1 (237 bp), CD18 (379 bp), iNOS (532 bp), and ET-1 (725 bp) were added. The ratios between H3 and test genes were calculated to evaluate changes in mRNA. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 226-232DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02146-9)

Fig 2 Changes in gene expression in left ventricular biopsies of 19 patients undergoing open heart surgery with cardioplegic arrest. The factor increase or decrease during reperfusion is calculated as ratio test gene/reference gene during reperfusion/ratio before cardioplegia. The effect of cardioplegia-reperfusion on E-selectin (CD62E), eNOS, IL-1β, TNFα, CD25, ICAM-1, CD18, iNOS, and ET-1 are shown (mean ± SEM). ∗p < 0.05 compared with initial expression. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 226-232DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02146-9)

Fig 3 Changes in gene expression in left ventricular biopsies of 7 patients with unstable angina (UA) and 7 patients with stable angina (SA) after cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion (see also text to Fig 2) (mean ± SEM). ∗p < 0.05 compared with initial expression. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 226-232DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02146-9)

Fig 4 Identification of NFκB complexes in nuclear extracts from human right and left atrial tissue sampled during open heart surgery. The extracts were resolved by EMSA as described in Material and Methods. Extracts from right atrial auricles taken before cardioplegia (B) and from left atrial auricles after reperfusion (A) are shown in 2 patients (nos. 1 and 2). Supershifts were performed with antibodies against the p50 and p65 subunits of NFκB on the A samples. Cold probe competition on the two A samples using a 25- (25cp) or 50-fold (50cp) excess of unlabeled probe abolished the bands, whereas they were not influenced by a 25- or 50-fold excess of an unlabeled AP-1 probe (25AP, 50AP). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 226-232DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02146-9)

Fig 5 The optical density of NFκB bands taken before cardioplegia (B) and after reperfusion (A) in 10 patients. Mean ± SEM values are shown. ∗p < 0.0001. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 226-232DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02146-9)