Chapter 5 Section 1 Spain’s Empire & European Absolutism Objective: Examine Spain’s empire & the growth of absolute monarchy in Europe Vocabulary: Philip II, Absolute Monarch, & Divine Right

A Powerful Spanish Empire Charles V divided his immense empire before retiring to a monastery Philip II, Charles V’s son, inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, & the Spanish American colonies Philip II seized control of Portugal when his Uncle died without an heir Europe was experiencing religious wars because of the Reformation; he married Mary I of England In 1588, Philip II launched the Spanish Armada against England but his naval fleet was defeated Who is Charles V? – Hint he issue the Edict of Worms against? & he was related to a king’s wife/future queen His brother Ferdinand received Austria & the Holy Roman Empire Philip’s empire provided him with incredible wealth Mary I changed England back to what religion

Golden Age of Spanish Art & Literature During the 16th & 17th centuries, Spain experienced a golden age in the arts El Greco’s paintings techniques showed the deep Catholic faith of Spain Diego Velazquez’s paintings reflected the pride of the Spanish monarchy Velazquez is known for his portraits of the royal family The publication of Don Quixote de la Mancha in 1605 is called the birth of the modern European novel Spain’s monarchs became patrons of the arts If you are a patron of the art, what are you doing? Don Quixote went a little crazy after reading too many books about heroic knights

The Spanish Empire Weakens The gold & silver coming from the Americas made Spain temporarily wealthy One major issues was inflation Nobles in Spain didn’t pay taxes but the lower class did, as a result Spain never developed a middle class Spain bought most of their goods from foreigners Philip declared Spain bankrupt 3 times 1566, the Dutch revolted against Spain & by 1579 northern provinces gained their independence Rise in prices & decrease in the value of money How would Spain buying their goods from foreigners affect their economy? Where would their money go? Philip decided to raise taxes in the Netherlands & crush Protestants

The Independent Dutch Prosper The United Provinces of the Netherlands practiced religious tolerance & had a republic Rembrandt van Rijn was the greatest Dutch artist of the period The stability of the government allowed the Dutch people to concentrate on economic growth The Dutch fleet helped the Dutch East India Company to dominate the Asian spice trade & the Indian Ocean Trade What is a republic? How do they vote on things? Who do they send?

Absolutism in Europe Philip II was a forceful ruler & controlled every aspect of his empire Absolute Monarchs are kings/queens who hold all of the power within their states’ boundaries The monarchs believed they have divine right (God created the monarchy & monarchs acted as God’s representative) Monarchs often used the wealth from their colonies to pay for their ambitions During religious & territorial conflicts, monarchs imposed order How do you think Absolute Monarchs might react to the amount of power they have?

Check for Understanding If an absolute monarch has total control of their country, what types of things could they do within their country? (This could be good or bad). An absolute monarch could do ____________ within the country they control.

Chapter 5 Section 2 The Reign of Louis XIV Objective: Analyze the reign of Louis XIV & the power struggles in Europe. Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, Skepticism, Louis XIV, Intendant, Jean Baptiste Colbert, & War of the Spanish Succession

Religious Wars & Power Struggles Conflicts between Catholics & Huguenots (French Protestants) caused chaos in France In 1589, Henry of Navarre inherited the throne & decided to become Catholic In 1598, Henry proclaimed the Edict of Nantes which allowed Huguenots to live in peace in France After Henry’s death his son, Louis XIII, reigned with the help of Cardinal Richelieu The Cardinal helped to increase the Bourbon monarchy’s power Henry II of France died leaving 4 young sons, 3 of them rules one after the other but all of them were incompetent (the real power was their mother Catherine de Medicis) Some people hated henry for his religious tolerance & stabbed him to death in his royal carriage.

Writers Turn Toward Skepticism French thinkers began to turn toward skepticism (belief that nothing can ever be known for certain) These thinkers expressed an attitude of doubt towards churches after brutal religious wars Michel de Montaigne developed a new form of literature, the essay to express a person’s thoughts & opinions Rene Descartes, a brilliant thinker, explained that with a skeptical argument that one could never be certain of anything Why do you think brutal wars had people expressing doubts about religion?

Louis XIV Comes to Power Louis XIV started his reign when he was 14, he grew to become the strongest king in French history Rebellions against Cardinal Mazarin failed & the people of France to began to accept the oppressive laws of an absolute king Louis XIV gave power to the intendants who collected taxes & administered justice King Louis XIV, kept power under his complete control Louis devoted himself to helping France attain economic, political, & cultural brilliance “I am the state” After the 30 years’ war, people were still upset with the monarchy, Louis wanted to make sure no one would threaten his power. Which louis is this? Why would people accept oppression? Intendants – government officials Jean Baptiste Colbert helped France to try to make it self sufficient. Louis cancelled the Edict of Nantes & thousands of Huguenots left the country taking the wealth with them

Check for Understanding Why might citizens of a country accept a leader who has complete control of them? Sentence starter: Citizens might accept a leader who has complete control of them because _________________________________.

The Sun King’s Grand Style Louis spent a fortune to surround himself with luxury Louis lived at Versailles, a palace just outside of Paris He also have nobles live in the palace with him waiting on him everyday Versailles Palace was a center of the arts during Louis reign The purpose of art in France was to glorify the king & promote values that supported Louis’s absolute rule 500 people were on call just to Louis at one time Why would Louis require the nobility to live with him? 4 nobles would be allowed to hand him his slippers, hold his sleeves

Louis Fights Disastrous Wars Under Louis XIV, France was the most powerful country in Europe In the 1680s, a European alliance of weaker countries formed to stop France The Dutch prince of William of Orange became king of England & joined the alliance Childless king of Spain, Charles II promised the throne to Louis XIV’s grandson Philip of Anjou The War of Spanish Succession was sparked to prevent France & Spain from joining forces Louis XIV died in 1715, he made France powerful & increased the arts but the wars put France in debt People in France wanted peace Philip was able to take over the throne of Spain but could never join the two houses together