Onboard sensors enable state feedback and closed-loop control of robotic skins. Onboard sensors enable state feedback and closed-loop control of robotic.

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Onboard sensors enable state feedback and closed-loop control of robotic skins. Onboard sensors enable state feedback and closed-loop control of robotic skins. (A and B) Sensor feedback during open-loop locomotion for both pneumatic and SMA skins positioned on soft cylinders. Actuation sequencing is shown in the cross-section schematics. (C and D) The state feedback from the sensors may be used for closed-loop control of cylinder deflection. Solid lines indicate the set point, dashed lines indicate the mean position, and clouds indicate the 95% confidence interval, over multiple trials. Five trials are shown for the pneumatic skin and 10 trials are shown for the SMA skin. Joran W. Booth et al. Sci. Robotics 2018;3:eaat1853 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works