Biomolecules

Four Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Why organic?

Carbohydrates Polymer Monomer monosaccharide Function (Macromolecule) Carbohydrates Monomer monosaccharide Function body’s primary source of energy structural components Examples glycogen (animals); starch (plants) cellulose (plant cell wall); chitin (fungi cell wall & exoskeleton) Diagram glucose molecule

Three Types of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide – “mono” means one a single sugar Disaccharide – “di” means two two sugars Polysaccharide – “poly” means many sugars

Lipids Polymer Monomer fatty acids & glycerol Function (Macromolecule) Lipids Monomer fatty acids & glycerol Function long term energy storage; insulation (conserves heat) Examples fats, oils, waxes, steroids, hormones (estrogen & testosterone) phospholipids (cell membrane) Diagram

Common Lipid Structures Phospholipid Triglyceride Saturated (solid lipid) Unsaturated (liquid lipid)

Proteins Polymer Monomer amino acids Function (Macromolecule) Proteins Monomer amino acids Function needed for growth & repair Structural components Examples enzymes, hemoglobin, antibodies, muscle, collagen, skin, hair, nails, Diagram = Polypeptide Chain peptide bond

Polypeptide Chain Polypeptide Chain = Chain of Amino Acids = Protein (amine group) Peptide bonds = bonds between amino acids

stores genetic information (DNA) & helps make proteins (RNA) Polymer (Macromolecule) Nucleic Acids Monomer nucleotides Function stores genetic information (DNA) & helps make proteins (RNA) Examples DNA, RNA Diagram Nucleotide:

Molecular Structure Of . . . nucleotide  DNA RNA nucleotide