Unit 1 Vocabulary Part I

Unit 1 Vocabulary – Part I On your notecards (9) you will write the biology word on one side and the definition on the other. You have 20 minutes: Heterotroph Autotroph Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Endosymbiotic theory Organelles Endocytosis Mitochondria Chloroplast

Endocytosis The process of a cell eating or drinking. Particles go inside the cell

Endosymbiotic Theory Unit 1: Day 1 Notes

The Endosymbiotic Theory In your composition book write the next two bullet points Title of Notes Unit 1-Day 1- Endosymbiotic Theory - Notes Write down the following learning targets Learning Targets (what you are expected to learn: What is a prokaryotic cell? What is a eukaryotic cells? What is the endosymbiotic theory? Be able to explain the origins of the first eukaryotic cells on the planet

The Endosymbiotic Theory The endosymbiotic theory is the idea that a long time ago, prokaryotic cells engulfed other prokaryotic cells by endocytosis. This resulted in the first eukaryotic cells. This theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells and provides an explanation on the origin of certain membrane-bound organelles

What Exactly Happened? Ancient Prokaryotes Chloroplast Plants and plant-like protists Ancient Prokaryotes Heterotrophic bacteria Nuclear envelope evolving Photosynthetic bacteria Mitochondrion Primitive Autotrophic (Photosynthetic) Eukaryote Animals, fungi, and animal-like protists Ancient Heterotrophic Prokaryote Primitive Heterotrophic Eukaryote

Another look!

Membrane-Bound Organelles Mitochondria = membrane-bound organelle that produces energy for the cell were once their own prokaryotic cell (billions of years ago) Chloroplast = membrane-bound organelle that captures sunlight and uses it to make food for the cell were once their own prokaryotic cell (billions of years ago)

Membrane-Bound Organelles Mitochondria = ancient aerobic prokaryote (aerobic prokaryote used oxygen to make energy like today’s mitochondria) Chloroplast = ancient photosynthetic prokaryote (ability to convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose)).

***Evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory:*** Ancient prokaryotic cells have the same features as modern day mitochondria and chloroplasts to include the following: Circular DNA (both chloroplast and mitochondria have their own DNA different from the host cell) They have their own ribosomes Binary fission (mitochondria and chloroplast can reproduce separately of the host cell)

***More evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory:*** 4. Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own cell membrane (double membrane layer) 5. Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own cytoplasm

What it would look like today?