Proxy Measures of Past Climates

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Presentation transcript:

Proxy Measures of Past Climates Current Weather Significance of Climate Proxies Role of Proxies in Reconstructing Past Climate Ice Cores For Next Class: Read rest of Chapter 10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BFlp7QJUqE

Reconstructing Past Climates: Why and How? Climate reconstruction Improves our understanding of environmental response to climate variability and climate change Provides perspective on current climate Requires identification of a link between quantitative climate forcing and environmental response © AMS

What kinds of climate proxies can be used to estimate surface temperatures (last 2000+ years)?

What kinds of climate proxies can be used to estimate surface temperatures (last 2000+ years)? Tree rings Corals Ocean and lake sediments (varves) Cave deposits (speleothems) Ice cores Pollen deposits Packrat middens Glaciers Documentary evidence (historical records, paintings, etc.)

Climate Proxies Which of the climate proxies excites you the most? Why? © AMS

Deciphering Past Climates Figure 10.1

Ocean Sediment Cores Figure 10.4

Ice Cores Figure 10.5 Figure 10.6

Ice Core Videos http://icecores.org/icecores/videos.shtml

Annual accumulation preserved on Osjollo Anante Icecap, Peru

Quelccaya Icecap (5,670 m) One of the most important archives in the tropics for the reconstruction of past climates from ice cores.

Oxygen Isotope Analysis Figure 10.2

Earth’s Long-Term Climate History Figure 10.7

Earth’s Long-Term Climate History Figure 10.8

Methods for Short-Term Climate Reconstruction Short term means the order of hundreds or thousands of years. Radiocarbon dating and the analysis of Tree rings Speleothems Coral reefs

14Carbon Half-Life and Tree Rings Figure 10.9 Figure 10.10

Speleothems Figure 10.11

Corals Figure 10.12

Earth’s Short-Term Climate History: 20,000 Years of Greenland Temperatures Figure 10.13

Mechanisms of Natural Climate Fluctuation Solar variability Earth’s orbital cycles Continental position and topography Atmospheric gases and aerosols

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