HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America Spring 2013 Day 5 Attendance Homework #2 for Thursday Lecture on Mayas & Popol Vuh Popol Vuh: discussion

A. Study Days 5 and 6: “Pre-Aztecs" materials Homework # for Thursday: A. Study Days 5 and 6: “Pre-Aztecs" materials Next homework (#2)

Native Brazilian People on Day 7 Dr. Zacarias

Where is this? Tikal: Guatemala

Tikal’s greatest lord; Pyramids I & II 1. Who is this? 3 Q u e s t I o n s Hasaw Chan K’awil 2. What is he known for? Tikal’s greatest lord; Pyramids I & II 3. What century C.E? 8th century 686-734

Triangle at Tikal

Mayas * Mayan art

Stela H limestone carving Maya site: Copán Honduras 782 C. E Stela H limestone carving Maya site: Copán Honduras 782 C.E. horror vacui admiratio nature

Maya ball player terra cotta polychrome figurine 8th century

E: Child to court; S: 336 days later; W: procession of lords; N: musicians

Chac: the Rain God: discussion 1974 / 1999 Director: Rolando Klein (Chile / L.A.) Time: 95 minutes México / Chile Southern México Language(s): Mayan (Tzotzil Maya / Yukatek Maya)

Notes on Popol Vuh Book of the People

Notes on Popol Vuh (1) 2500 BCE – 1550 CE: oral text Myth: "gift of Quetzalcóatl to humans" 353 CE: Mayas invent 365-day calendar ca. 1550: Maya Quiché MS literary masterpiece religious masterpiece (partially) syncretic text (Maya-Christian)

Notes on Popol Vuh (2) Toltec / Aztec influence 900 – 1500 military & religious terms Place: Utatlán, Guatemala (sacred geography) Rivers, mountains, highlands, volcanoes, valleys Quiché came from Tula (myth) Popol Vuh: chronicle of one lineage: Kaveks of Quiché Pedro de Alvarado conquered Quichés 1524-1525

Notes on Popol Vuh (3) ca. 1550: Maya Quiché MS Author/scribe: Diego Reynoso, town councilman Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala Santa Cruz del Quiché = Utatlán ca. 1700: Fr. Francisco Ximénez Spanish translation Newberry Library, Chicago

Opening 2 lines: Are, u xe 'oher tzih. Varal K'iche, u bi. Notes on Popol Vuh (4) Opening 2 lines: Are, u xe 'oher tzih. Varal K'iche, u bi. This is the root of the former word. Here is Quiché by name.

Notes on Popol Vuh (5) Genre: near-heroic myth and history no single hero myth and history of a people (Quiché Maya) origins to 1550 Coherent literary work order, scope, unity, episodes Popol Vuh: totality of the Maya Epoch Next Epoch: "Holy Cross"

Notes on Popol Vuh (6) 4 Mythic Cycles 1st Cycle: wood "men" puppets (to line 820) 2nd Cycle: destruction of 7 Parrot & sons (l. 1674) 3rd Cycle: Hero twins become Sun & Moon (l. 4708) 4th Cycle: ½ of whole text (men learn to pray) first Fathers to present Heart of Heaven & Earth

Notes on Popol Vuh (7) Quiché people in 4th creation First Fathers, from corn by creator Quiché: most powerful Maya in Guatemala in 1550 Modern Quiché call their language Cakchiquel Quiché society: patriarchal, patrilineal, patrilocal "God" in Quiché: Dios qahavixel Public religious drama / private divination

Notes on Popol Vuh (8) Quiché (Yucatán, Aztec) calendar: sacred mystery Quiché "count of days" 260 days (13 deified numbers x 20 days) Solar calendar: 18 months x 20 days) + 5 year cycles only begin on 4 days (of 20 days) 13-year cycle x 4 beginning days = 52 years

1. Describe this… 2. What is this? 3. Key Term? 1. Your words… 2. Terra cotta figurine; sacrifice victim 3. Realism + myth (?)

1. Describe this… 2. What is this? 3. Is this Realism? 4. Key Term? 1. Your words… 2. Bas-relief stone carving 3. Vision quest 4. Mythical stylization

Mayas Yucatán

See you Tuesday Hasta el martes À mardi Até terça feira

See you Thursday Hasta el jueves À jeudi Até quinta feira