Revolution in Russia 14.1

Resisting Change Czar Alexander III has autocracy (total power) Strict censorship High schools & universities secretly watched Private letters read Russian only language allowed Czar Nicholas continues Alexander III’s policies

Russia Industrializes Industrialization brings problems (wages, child labor, poor conditions, etc.) Unions outlawed – workers strike Karl Marx’s philosophies become popular Proletariats (workers) would rule the country Bolshevik = radical Russian revolutionary Lenin becomes leader of Bolsheviks Energetic, great personality, organizer, ruthless Flees to western Europe to avoid arrest

Russo-Japanese War - 1904 Russia & Japan want control of Korea and Manchuria Russia violates agreements – goes to war w/Japan Japan wins many battles – leads to unrest in Russia

Bloody Sunday - 1905 In January 1905, 200,000 workers peacefully go to czar’s palace w/petition requesting better conditions and freedom Soldiers fire on crowd Riots and strikes occur Nicholas creates Duma (parliament) Duma dissolves in 10 weeks

World War I Russia’s entrance in WWI = mistake Military or economy can’t handle it Germany destroys Russia – 4 mil. Russians die Nicholas goes to war front to inspire troops His wife, Czarina Alexandra, runs government She ignores advisers and follows Rasputin (mystic, holy-man) Rasputin eases pain of son (suffers from hemophilia) – reward = make gvt. decisions

Lenin Returns - 1917 Germans sneak Lenin back – Germany hopes he’ll hurt Russian war effort Slogan = Peace, Land, and Bread Lenin gains control of government – gives land to peasants, control of factories to workers Signs treaty w/Germany to end WWI

Russian Civil War Bolsheviks face resistance at home Red Army vs. White Army Red Army = Bolsheviks White Army = against Red Army (very disorganized, many different groups) Leon Trotsky commands Red Army Red Army wins despite western help to White Army