Biomarkers in Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Current Concepts and Future Directions Mauricio Burotto, MD, Anish Thomas, MD, Deepa Subramaniam,

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Biomarkers in Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Current Concepts and Future Directions Mauricio Burotto, MD, Anish Thomas, MD, Deepa Subramaniam, MD, Giuseppe Giaccone, MD, PhD, Arun Rajan, MD Journal of Thoracic Oncology Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages 1609-1617 (November 2014) DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000302 Copyright © 2014 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 1 Potential biomarkers in ES-NSCLC: (A) single genes; (B) TILs including macrophages (TAM), T lymphocytes CD4(+), CD8(+), and T regulatory cell (Tregs); (C) histology subtypes: ADC, SCC, BRC, LCNE, SP, and MPP; (D) signatures or group of genes, proteins, methylation patterns, microRNAs etc. In the center, prognostic factors used in clinic, staging (TNM), PS, and age. TILS, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; ADC, adenocarcinoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; BRC, bronchoalveolar carcinoma; LCNE, large cell neuroendocrine tumor; MPP, micropapillary; SP, solid predominant; ES-NSCLC, early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer; TNM, tumor, node, metastasis; PS, performance status. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2014 9, 1609-1617DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0000000000000302) Copyright © 2014 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 2 Potential future scenarios for using biomarkers in early stage non–small-cell lung cancer. Besides the stage (TNM) and histologic subtype, molecular information from single genes (e.g., oncogenic drivers, DNA repair genes) or groups of genes (signatures) will help in identifying patients who could derive benefit from adjuvant treatment. Immune biomarkers (TILs) could provide prognostic or predictive information relevant to emerging immune therapies. TILS, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; TNM, tumor, node, metastasis. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2014 9, 1609-1617DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0000000000000302) Copyright © 2014 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions