I. Secession A minority of Americans wanted to leave the Union Southerners thought Lincoln would free their slaves Lincoln promised to preserve the Union and democracy Confederates fire on Ft Sumter in Charleston on April 12, 1861

II. Northern Strategies Blockade Southern ports to disrupt trade (Anaconda) Split the South along the Mississippi River Capture the capital of CSA, Richmond

II. Northern Strategies These were accomplished using far greater economic resources Industrial capacity Miles of railroad tracks Manpower Naval power

II. Northern Strategies Lincoln was able to direct the US Made it a war about preserving the Union Freed the slaves after a victory to make it a political decision Even with these advantages, the North nearly lost during the first 2 years of the war

III. Southern Strategies South relied on King Cotton and trading with Great Britain Trading for goods and ships they lacked Tried to defend their land Home field advantage Tried outlast the North Make it as long and costly (people and $) as possible

III. Southern Strategies Invaded the North twice to gain foreign support Tried to seek support and recognition from GB Leaders like Robert E Lee were able to move and lead men and materials Most of the best US generals quit and became Confederate generals

III. Southern Strategies CSA President Jefferson Davis was unable to get states to work together They believed in state’s rights so they wouldn’t listen to Confederate gov’t

IV. Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln feared freeing ALL slaves would upset the border states Slave states that did not secede Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, West Virginia, Delaware Freed slaves only in areas rebelling That meant the CSA and they weren’t listening Announcing in fall of 1862 and waiting until 1/1/1863 gave CSA chance to surrender

IV. Emancipation Proclamation Made it hard for British gov’t to support CSA b/c British people hated slavery Slaves aren’t truly free until the 13th Amendment after the war AAs can now join the US Army Serve well but are discriminated 54th Massachusetts attack on Ft Wagner in Charleston (Glory)

V. Battles Ft Sumter Union troops had moved to the fort in December The Union refuses to leave even though fort is in the CSA On April 12, 1861, Confederates fire on Union fort Union surrenders after 34 hours

V. Battles Bull Run/Manassas 1st major land battle USA and CSA meet in Virginia USA is routed and turned back to Washington DC Showed the war wasn’t going to be over in 90 days like both sides thought

V. Battles Antietam 1st CSA attempt to invade USA Orders are found by Union soldiers so they are ready CSA retreats Bloodiest single day in American history 22,717 casualties USA victory allows Lincoln to release the Emancipation Proclamation

V. Battles Vicksburg, MS Last Southern city left on the Mississippi River Union, led by Gen Grant, laid siege to the city It finally surrenders on July 4, 1863 Gives USA complete control of the Mississippi Splits the CSA in half

V. Battles Gettysburg 2nd attempt of CSA to invade the North Three day battle goes back and forth Lee is turned back by Union Gen Meade on July 4, 1863 Last time CSA invades the North Bloodiest battle in American history

V. Battles March to the Sea Grant is promoted by Lincoln after Vicksburg to Union commander Grant sends Sherman south to wage total war Destroy everything and take war to the people Sherman marches from Tennessee to Savannah Burns Atlanta to the ground Turns north thru SC and burns Columbia

V. Battles Appomattox Court House Lee surrenders main part of the CSA army on April 9, 1865 Fighting is essentially over Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865