Ram Dantu University of North Texas,

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Ram Dantu University of North Texas, rdantu@unt.edu Practical Networking Ram Dantu University of North Texas, rdantu@unt.edu

Agenda Nuts and Bolts of Internet Access, Edge, and Core Networks LAN Design End-user Protocols, Services and QoS Edge and Core Networks Performance Bandwidth and Delay Security

Performance

Different Types of Links Sometimes you install your own!

Bigger Pipes! Sometimes leased from the phone company STS: Synchronous Transport Signal

Delay in packet-switched networks packets experience delay on end-to-end path four sources of delay at each hop nodal processing: check bit errors determine output link queueing time waiting at output link for transmission depends on congestion level of router A B propagation transmission nodal processing queueing

Delay in packet-switched networks Transmission delay: R=link bandwidth (bps) L=packet length (bits) time to send bits into link = L/R Propagation delay: d = length of physical link s = propagation speed in medium (~2x108 m/sec) propagation delay = d/s Note: s and R are very different quantitites! A B propagation transmission nodal processing queueing

Performance Bandwidth (throughput) Amount of data that can be transmitted per time unit Example: 10Mbps link versus end-to-end Notation KB = 210 bytes Mbps = 106 bits per second

Time it takes to send message from point A to point B Latency (delay) Time it takes to send message from point A to point B Example: 24 milliseconds (ms) Sometimes interested in in round-trip time (RTT) Components of latency Latency = Propagation + Transmit + Queue + Proc. Propagation = Distance / SpeedOfLight Transmit = Size / Bandwidth

Relative importance of bandwidth and latency small message (e.g., 1 byte): 1ms vs. 100ms dominates 1Mbps vs. 100Mbps large message (e.g., 25 MB): 1Mbps vs. 100Mbps dominates 1ms vs. 100ms Consider two channels of 1Mbps and 100 Mbps respectively. For a 1 byte message, the available bandwidth is relatively insignificant given a RTT of 1 ms. The transmit delay for each channel is 8 s and 0.08 s, respectively.

Delay x Bandwidth Product e.g., 100ms RTT and 45Mbps Bandwidth = 560KB of data We have to view the network as a buffer. This may have interesting consequences: How much data did the sender transmit before a response can be received? Delay Bandwidth

Example: Hospital Network

PACS Network and Remote Connectivity W V U P Intensive Care Unit Operating Room T R S Q O N M F G Out-patient RIS Floors HIS PACS Network INTERNET A Hospital Distribution PACS B C D E H I J K L X