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Review Sheets #1, #2 & #3 are now posted! MUH 3633 - Music in the United States 12/7/2019 Review Sheets #1, #2 & #3 are now posted! Use these questions to guide your studying. Do not forget the supplemental reading. DAY 11 (23 Sep 19)

Primary Source Summary Project Instructions remain posted on course website READ and FOLLOW all instructions Paper due on Monday, 7 Oct 19 @ 5:00 pm (two weeks from today)

MUH 3633 - Music in the United States 12/7/2019 Chapter Four “Make A Noise” : African American Music before the Civil War DAY 11 (23 Sep 19)

General African Music Traits MUH 3633 - Music in the United States General African Music Traits 12/7/2019 Non-notated (=Oral) tradition Emphasis on Rhythm (often: Polyrhythm) Use of Percussion Density of Timbre (“buzzy sound”) Use of Ostinato Use of interlocking parts Call and Response Controlled Improvisation Associated w/ Dance and/or Ceremony DAY 11 (23 Sep 19)

MUH 3633 - Music in the United States AF-Am Music-Making 12/7/2019 Oral Tradition from 18th C (no written records) Distinguish between: - Slaves performing for whites (encouraged) - Blacks performing for blacks (discouraged) Traditional (Southern) Af-Am Music-Making Pattin’ Juba: Danny “Slapjazz” Barber Hollerin’ (Spivey’s Corner, NC): Champions… Field Holler: Whoa Buck Quitting Time: Quittin' time song Work Song: Lightning- Long John (by a chain gang) Work Song: “Carrie Belle” [LG 4.1, textbook, p. 79] DAY 11 (23 Sep 19)

Sacred Music in Northern States MUH 3633 - Music in the United States Sacred Music in Northern States 12/7/2019 Limited slavery in North Christianized Blacks Segregated Services A[frican] M[ethodist] E[piscopal] Church (1816) Hymnal – 1801 (Allen) Refrains/Call & Response Am I a Soldier of the Cross? [LG 4.2, p. 82] Soldier of the Cross - Congregational Hymn [white] Reverend Richard Allen (1760-1831) DAY 11 (23 Sep 19)

Af-Am Professional Musicians Frank Johnson (1792-1844) Philadelphia Bandmaster Ex. Fireman’s Cotillion Wm. Henry Lane “Boz’s Juba” (1825?-1852/3) Dancer – Five Points, NY Elizabeth Greenfield (1824?-1876) “The Black Swan” Natchez – Phila – Buffalo - England

Music in Southern States MUH 3633 - Music in the United States 12/7/2019 Music in Southern States Significant % of slaves (often majority) Possibility of slave revolts (see Wikipedia) - Stono Rebellion (1739, SC) – 25 white, 35/50 black dead - Nat Turner (1831, VA) – 50+ white killed, 56 black executed - Amistad (1839) – 49 captives (39 survived), 4-6(?) killed Mixed attitudes toward Christianization, etc. General discouragement of African music-making Few records of actual practice (no notation) Isolated observations DAY 11 (23 Sep 19)

MUH 3633 - Music in the United States 12/7/2019 Runaway Slave Ads NC Runaway Slave Advertisements DAY 11 (23 Sep 19)

MUH 3633 - Music in the United States 12/7/2019 Lewis Miller (1796-1882) DAY 11 (23 Sep 19)