Seeing periodic trends in the elements The Periodic Table Seeing periodic trends in the elements

Naming Ionic Compounds There are two types of ionic compound, depending on the metal in the compound Type 1 compounds contain a metal with an invariant charge (group 1A 2A and 3A, and some TMs) Type 2 compounds contain a metal with a charge that can differ in different compounds (TMs)

Metals whose charge is invariant from one compound to another Type I metals Metals whose charge is invariant from one compound to another

Type II metal ions Some metals that form more than one type of ion and their common charges

Polyatomic Cations There is only one that we will consider Ammonium Ion NH4+

Some common monoatomic anions

Some common polyatomic anions

Naming Oxyanions Oxyanions contain a central nonmetal bonded to oxygen To name these we pay attention to the number of O atoms in the anion If there are 2 ions in the series, the one with more O atoms ends –ate, and the one with the fewer O atoms end –ite NO3- Nitrate SO42- Sulfate NO2- Nitrite SO32- Sulfite For oxyanions of the halogens Cl, Br, and I there can be 4 different possible oxyanions ClO − hypochlorite BrO − hypobromite IO − hypoiodite ClO2− chlorite BrO2− bromite IO2− iodite ClO3− chlorate BrO3− bromate IO3− iodate ClO4− perchlorate BrO4− perbromate IO4− periodate

Writing a formula for an ionic compound First find the appropriate Chemical Symbols or chemical formulas for the cation and anion, along with their charge The balanced formula needs to be charge neutral Cation goes first and the anion second Write the cation with its charge then the anion with its charge The magnitude of the cation charge becomes the subscript for the anion and vice versa (see right) If the two subscripts are different from one another you are done (eg Al2O3), if they are the same just write the formula with a 1:1 ratio Mg2O2  MgO

I: Metals with Water Put on some goggles, Nick will demo Sodium with water and you will do the same for Calcium and Magnesium Obtain a small piece of Calcium and a small piece of magnesium in a weigh boat Carefully drop the Calcium into beaker and cover with a watch glass. Record your observations

II: Observations of Elements Symbol Metal, metalloid, nonmetal Description (gas, liquid, solid, color, shiny? Crystalline, powder, …) Aluminum Al Metal Shiny solid, metallic lustre, silver color Carbon Copper Iron Magnesium Nickel Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Silicon Silver Sulfur Tin Zinc

III: Nomenclature of Compounds formula name NaCl AgNO3 Ca(OH)2 Na2SO4 CdBr2 KNO2 Fe(NO3)3 (NH4)2S HgCl2 H2SO4(aq) Cr(BrO3)3 Cu2CO3 HCl(aq)

III: Nomenclature of Compounds Balanced formula Barium choride Lead (II) iodide Ammonium hydroxide Bismuth (II) chloride Magnesium nitrate Iron (III) chloride Calcium bromite Copper (I) sulfide Silver phosphite Nickel (II) phosphate Sodium sulfite tin (IV) oxide Zinc nitrate

Naming compounds