Fig. 1 Spatial and cartilage depth-related distributions of deamidated proteins in human adult cartilage. Spatial and cartilage depth-related distributions.

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Fig. 1 Spatial and cartilage depth-related distributions of deamidated proteins in human adult cartilage. Spatial and cartilage depth-related distributions of deamidated proteins in human adult cartilage. Protein turnover in human lower limb cartilage was based on Asn deamidation quantified by MS. Counting only proteins identified in at least two biological replicates of one joint site, a total of 469 proteins were identified in cartilage, of which 285 proteins (61%) had at least one deamidated residue. We observed significant independent differences in the deamidation protein ratio in articular cartilage (n = 54 samples in total) stratified by (A) joint site and (B) cartilage depth. A significant lower mean deamidated protein ratio, indicative of higher tissue anabolism reflecting a higher innate tissue repair capacity, was consistently observed (A) in ankle cartilage compared with knee and hip cartilage, and (B) at the surface zone of cartilage compared with the deep zone. Abundance of deamidated protein forms is represented as the mean standardized value of the deamidation ratio (z score derived from the ratio of deamidated Asn/total Asn); the error bars represent the SD. P values were derived from multivariable mixed models. Ming-Feng Hsueh et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaax3203 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).