Fig. 4 Optimization of motility through shape-shifting driven by osmotic or shear stress. Optimization of motility through shape-shifting driven by osmotic.

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Fig. 4 Optimization of motility through shape-shifting driven by osmotic or shear stress. Optimization of motility through shape-shifting driven by osmotic or shear stress. (A) Motility and step-out frequency of microswimmers in response to changes in sucrose concentration. The optical images show the effect of osmotic stress on the body and tail shapes. (B) Sustained velocity and enhanced maneuverability of microswimmers in response to changes in sucrose concentration. (C) Polymorphic transitions driven by osmolarity. Type I, continuously coiling with increasing osmolarity; type II, continuously uncoiling with increasing osmolarity. (D) The motility of the microswimmers can be kept constant by using polymorphic transitions to counteract viscous drag. All bar graphs represent average ± SEM (n = 6 measurements for each microswimmer and three different swimmers tested per condition). H.-W. Huang et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaau1532 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).