April 14, 2011 What are the reactants of photosynthesis? Products? What are the two steps of photosynthesis?

Cellular Respiration Written Equation Balanced Chemical Equation Glucose + Oxygen  Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy Balanced Chemical Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP Energy Transformation Takes energy of bonds in glucose and puts it into bonds of ATP (Adenosine TRIphosphate) Reactants Products

ATP ATP is energy “currency” When energy is needed, ATP gets rid of a phosphate group and becomes ADP. Breaking the bond to remove the P results in USABLE ENERGY released. ADP can then be reused in process of cellular respiration!

STEP 1: Glycolysis (glyco = sugar, lysis = break) In cytoplasm of cell No O2 required Anaerobic C6H12O6  2 pyruvates (C3 molecules) AKA Pyruvic acid Use 2 ATP  2 ADP Make 4 ATP from 4 ADP Gives electrons to NADH to carry to step 3 OVERALL: Makes 2 ATP & 2 molecules (pyruvate) for next step; NADH for step 3

NADH is an electron carrier, needed for step 3 STEP 1: Glycolysis NADH is an electron carrier, needed for step 3

STEP 2: Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) In matrix of mitochondria jelly like stuff, similar to cytoplasm Use 2 pyruvates from glycolysis Use O2 aerobic Makes CO2 Makes 2 ATP from 2 ADP Gives electrons to NADH and FADH2 for step 3 OVERALL: 6 CO2 (waste) & 2 ATP made; NADH & FADH2 for step 3

FAD is an electron carrier, needed for step 3 STEP 2: Kreb’s Cycle FAD is an electron carrier, needed for step 3

STEP 3: Electron Transport Chain In cristae of mitochondria inner membrane Series of reactions H+ pumped out e- move, generate energy Uses e- from carriers (NADH and FADH2; steps 1 & 2) Makes water Uses O2 Aerobic Makes 34 ATP from 34 ADP OVERALL: 6 H2O (waste) & 34 ATP