D-GM3 promotes uPAR clustering on the cell surface and activates p38 MAPK. A, uPAR expression in cells was either knocked down by treatment with 4 independent.

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d-GM3 promotes uPAR clustering on the cell surface and activates p38 MAPK. A, uPAR expression in cells was either knocked down by treatment with 4 independent uPAR siRNAs (lanes 3–6) or overexpressed by stable transfection of a human uPAR cDNA. d-GM3 promotes uPAR clustering on the cell surface and activates p38 MAPK. A, uPAR expression in cells was either knocked down by treatment with 4 independent uPAR siRNAs (lanes 3–6) or overexpressed by stable transfection of a human uPAR cDNA. Cells treated with scrambled siRNA or stably transfected with a pcDNA vector were prepared in parallel as controls. uPAR expression was detected by immunoblotting (top row). The effects of uPAR manipulation on p38 MAPK phosphorylation (third row) and p38 MAPK expression (fourth row) were examined by immunoblotting. Equal loading was confirmed by reprobing the membrane of uPAR (second row) and p38 (bottom row) with GAPDH; The changes of uPAR expression and p38 MAPK phosphorylation among different groups were presented as the fold changes of band density in graphs; ***, P < 0.001; B, GM3S was knocked down with 2 siRNAs (sequence#1 and #3, Table 1) in uPAR-overexpressed cells, and the effects of d-GM3 reduction by GM3S knocking down on p38 phosphorylation and activation were determined; The changes of uPAR expression and p38 MAPK phosphorylation among different groups were presented as the fold changes of band density in graphs; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; C, gangliosides in C8161 cells were depleted by treatment with P4 as described in the Materials and Methods section, and then purified c-GM3 or d-GM3 was added as described (13). After stimulation with uPA, uPAR localization was detected with anti-uPAR antibody and FITC-conjugated secondary antibody. Cells were counterstained with DAPI. Arrows, uPAR clusters at cell surface; scale bar, 35 μm; inset, higher magnification image; D, uPAR expression in P4-treated cells was examined after addition of purified d-GM3 or c-GM3. Qiu Yan et al. Mol Cancer Res 2013;11:665-675 ©2013 by American Association for Cancer Research