Middle School Coaches September 10, 2019 COMMON INJURIES/WOUND CARE/KIT CONTENT

COMMON INJURIES

What is a Concussion? Head injury that occurs when a blow or jolt to the head disrupts the normal functioning of the brain -- Sufficient force that impacts metabolic functioning -- Causes physical, cognitive, sleep, and emotional symptoms that last for varying amounts of time Sometimes delayed onset, but may not appear or be noticed for hours and possibly days after injury The number and severity of symptoms, the speed of recovery, and the impact of symptoms on academic functioning or other activities will be different for each student.

Concussion Symptoms May or may not experience in any combination of the 4 clusters Physical Headache/Neck pain Fatigue Dizziness/Vertigo Ocular Dysfunction Balance problems Sensitivity to light and/or noise Nausea/Vomiting Cognitive Difficulty remembering Difficulty concentrating Feeling slowed down Feeling mentally foggy Emotional Irritability Sadness Feeling more emotional Nervousness /Anxiety Lack of motivation Sleep/ Energy Drowsiness Sleeping less than usual Sleeping more than usual Trouble falling asleep

Red Flags Call your doctor or go to your Emergency Department with sudden onset of any of the following: Headaches that worsen Look very drowsy, can’t be awakened Repeated vomiting Unusual behavior change Seizures Can’t recognize people or places Increased confusion Significant irritability Neck pain Weakness or numbness in arms or legs Slurred speech Loss of consciousness These typically occur during the first 48 hours after an injury and could represent a more serious injury.

Concussion Institute Next steps? Suspected Concussion Refer to the Concussion Institute Subspecialty referral if needed Treatment Plan Next steps? Do not attempt to do a screening for a concussion. If you suspect a concussion, remove the athlete from play and refer to a specialist. Athletes should NOT return to play until cleared by a medical professional.

Cervical Spine Injuries Never attempt to move an athlete who you think may have suffered a cervical spine/neck injury. Call 911 and keep them calm and still If there is a certified athletic trainer or EMS personnel on site, listen to their direction and help them as necessary

Ankle Sprains Ankle sprains are injuries to ankle ligaments. Common mechanisms: Rolling an ankle Stepping on someone else's foot

Knee Injuries Meniscus Injury Pre-patellar Bursitis Ligament Sprains/Tears ACL MCL LCL PCL Pre-patellar Bursitis Common Mechanisms: Pivot Rotation Falling directly on top of knee

Knee and Ankle Injuries Signs/Symptoms Treatment Swelling Bruising Inability to walk Walking with limp Obvious deformity Remove from play Ice Compression Elevation Referral

WOUND CARE/KIT CONTENT

Common Types of Wounds Abrasion (scrape) Laceration (deep cut)

Abrasion Causes: Sliding on grass/tar “floor burn” Treatment: Wash with antiseptic towelettes Apply triple antibiotic Cover with band aid or gauze/pre-wrap/tape Instruct athletes to go home and rewash wound with warm soapy water once practice/game is done to further prevent infection

Supplies Needed

Laceration Treatment: Stop bleeding Wash out debris Cover with butterfly closure strips Use caution, may need to refer to doctor for stitches

Common Laceration Sites Eyebrow Cheek Nose Chin Scalp Elbow

Supplies Needed

Butterfly Closure Strip Examples Wrist

Wound Irrigation Wound irrigation is the steady flow of a solution (water or saline) across an open wound surface to achieve wound hydration and to remove debris

Wound Irrigation Wound irrigation is helpful to clean dirt, turf rubber and grass from wounds. Although you may not get everything, cleaning the wound as much as possible reduces rate of infection

Wound Irrigation Step by Step Stop bleeding Wash wound Pat dry Cover with gauze/pre-wrap/tape Refer to doctor if wound exhibits signs of infection

Bloody Nose A bloody nose doesn’t always mean its broken To stop a bloody nose do not tilt head back Lean forward and pinch bridge of nose Apply nose plug

Bloody Nose Do not allow patient to blow nose until the bleed has clotted Assess the situation – bloody noses may be as a result to a hit Remove from play and refer to physician if a hit to the head has occurred with risk of concussion Refer to doctor if the nose has an obvious deformity

ALWAYS USE GLOVES Gloves are personal protective equipment Always wear gloves when dealing with blood & bodily fluids

Any Questions?