Fig. 3 Neuroblast-induced morphological dynamics of reactive astrocytes involve the inhibition of Cdc42-regulated actin polymerization. Neuroblast-induced.

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Fig. 3 Neuroblast-induced morphological dynamics of reactive astrocytes involve the inhibition of Cdc42-regulated actin polymerization. Neuroblast-induced morphological dynamics of reactive astrocytes involve the inhibition of Cdc42-regulated actin polymerization. (A) 3D reconstruction of SBF-SEM images of the surface of reactive astrocytes (blue) surrounding a chain of neuroblasts (transparent pink). (A′-1) and (A′-2) show higher-magnification images of the boxed area. (B to E) Time-lapse imaging of F-actin visualized with Lifeact (green) in hypoxia-treated striatal astrocytes embedded in collagen gel with Dcx-DsRed neuroblasts (red) (C). (D) shows the extension of processes [arrowheads in (B)] for 18 min before (pre) and during/after neuroblast contact (two-tailed paired t test; Cnt, n = 9 areas; KO, n = 10 areas). (E) shows the frequency of F-actin–rich protrusion [arrowheads in (B)] formation at the surface of astrocytes before and during neuroblast contact (two-tailed paired t test; Cnt, n = 9 areas; KO, n = 10 areas). (F) Quantification procedure in (H) to (L). (G) Migration speed of neuroblasts in contact with hypoxia-treated astrocytes (two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test; WT neuroblasts, n = 35 cells; KO neuroblasts, n = 32 cells; WT-Cdc42, n = 50 cells; CA-Cdc42, n = 51 cells). (H and I) Time-lapse imaging of F-actin (Lifeact) in striatal astrocytes with migrating neuroblasts (asterisks) on a culture dish (H) and relative F-actin level in the astrocytes before, during, and after neuroblast contact (I) (WT, n = 42 areas; KO, n = 45 areas; within groups, Friedman test followed by pairwise comparison of Scheffé; WT versus KO, Mann-Whitney U test). (J) Relative F-actin level in astrocytes transfected with WT-Cdc42 or CA-Cdc42 during neuroblast contact (two-tailed unpaired t test; WT-Cdc42, n = 37 areas; CA-Cdc42, n = 39 areas). (K and L) Time-lapse imaging of Cdc42 biosensor-transfected astrocytes (rectangles, moving processes) with neuroblasts (asterisks) (K) and the relative Cdc42 activity in these astrocytes before, during, and after neuroblast contact (L) (WT, n = 74 areas; KO, n = 73 areas; within groups, Friedman test followed by pairwise comparison of Scheffé; WT versus KO, Mann-Whitney U test). Box plots show the median (dot), upper and lower quartiles (box), maximal and minimal values excluding outliers (whiskers), and outliers (blue squares). Dot plots show each value (small dots), and line graph values represent the mean ± standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001. Scale bars, 20 μm (H and K) and 5 μm (A to C). Asterisk indicates a significant difference between Pre and each of the other time points in the same cell group; number sign indicates a significant difference between groups at one time point. N. Kaneko et al. Sci Adv 2018;4:eaav0618 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).