“Carbohydrates and lipids” Class notes 2-3 Molecules of Life — Part 2 “Carbohydrates and lipids”

What is the name for compounds composed of carbon bonded to hydrogen, oxygen and other carbon atoms? Organic compounds

What are the 4 classes of organic compounds found in living things? carbohydrates lipids proteins Nucleic acids

What are the characteristics of organic molecules? Macromolecules Macromolecules = Large molecules Polymers Polymers = Molecules composed of repeating subunits

Three things to know about each molecule of life

Three things to know about each molecule of life SUBUNIT

Three things to know about each molecule of life SUBUNIT ROLE

SUBUNIT ROLE EXAMPLES Three things to know about each molecule of life

What kind of organic molecule is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio? CARBOHYDRATE

Carbohydrate Carbo = Carbon Hydrate =

Carbohydrate Carb = Hydrate = Carbon Water (H O) 2

Carbohydrate Carbon Water (H O) 2 Carbon + Water C H O 1 2 1 2 : : 1 2 1 2 : :

What is the subunit of carbohydrates? Glucose

Diagram of glucose: C H O 6 12 6 c

What is the role of carbohydrates in the cell? QUICK ENERGY

Examples of carbohyrates: 1. 1 sugar = examples: 2. 2 sugars = example: 3. many sugars = a. found in potatoes, wheat, rice, corn b. animal starch—stores sugar in the liver and muscles c. found in plant cell walls and wood MONOSACCHARIDE glucose, honey, fruit sugar DISACCHARIDE Sucrose (table sugar) POLYSACCHARIDE Starch Glycogen Cellulose

LIPIDS Which macromolecules contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - BUT - have more carbon and hydrogen than carbohydrates and are insoluble in water? LIPIDS

What are the two subunits of this molecule? Fatty Acids Glycerol

Diagram for the Subunits glycerol fatty acid

The molecule has 3 roles in the cell b. c.

The molecule has 3 roles in the cell store energy a. b. c.

The molecule has 3 roles in the cell store energy a. b. c. insulation

The molecule has 3 roles in the cell store energy a. b. c. insulation forms cell membrane

Examples a. found mainly in plants b. functions as chemical regulators in cells two examples of these regulators 1. 2. c. found usually as a semisolid in plants and animals d. found mainly in animals

Examples OILS a. found mainly in plants b. functions as chemical regulators in cells two examples of these regulators 1. 2. c. found usually as a semisolid in plants and animals d. found mainly in animals OILS

Examples OILS STEROIDS a. found mainly in plants b. functions as chemical regulators in cells two examples of these regulators 1. 2. c. found usually as a semisolid in plants and animals d. found mainly in animals OILS STEROIDS

Examples OILS STEROIDS SEX HORMONES a. found mainly in plants b. functions as chemical regulators in cells two examples of these regulators 1. 2. c. found usually as a semisolid in plants and animals d. found mainly in animals OILS STEROIDS SEX HORMONES

Examples OILS STEROIDS SEX HORMONES CHOLESTEROL a. found mainly in plants b. functions as chemical regulators in cells two examples of these regulators 1. 2. c. found usually as a semisolid in plants and animals d. found mainly in animals OILS STEROIDS SEX HORMONES CHOLESTEROL

Examples OILS STEROIDS SEX HORMONES CHOLESTEROL WAX a. found mainly in plants b. functions as chemical regulators in cells two examples of these regulators 1. 2. c. found usually as a semisolid in plants and animals d. found mainly in animals OILS STEROIDS SEX HORMONES CHOLESTEROL WAX

Examples OILS STEROIDS SEX HORMONES CHOLESTEROL WAX FAT a. found mainly in plants b. functions as chemical regulators in cells two examples of these regulators 1. 2. c. found usually as a semisolid in plants and animals d. found mainly in animals OILS STEROIDS SEX HORMONES CHOLESTEROL WAX FAT

Two major categories of Fats 1. has only single bonds and is usually a solid at room temperature.

Two major categories of Fats 1. has only single bonds and is usually a solid at room temperature. SATURATED

Two major categories of Fats 1. has only single bonds and is usually a solid at room temperature. SATURATED Only Single bonds C O R glycerol fatty acid fatty acid

Two major categories of Fats 2. has at least one double bond and is usually a liquid at room temperature.

Two major categories of Fats 2. has at least one double bond and is usually a liquid at room temperature. UNSATURATED

Two major categories of Fats 2. has at least one double bond and is usually a liquid at room temperature. UNSATURATED One Double bond O C R C C C C C C R glycerol fatty acid fatty acid

End