Objective I will analyze and interpret data So that I can show how nonpolar molecules dissolve without water By highlighting cause and effect Objective

Dissolving Without Water

Self Check Explain how a solute can dissolve in polar and nonpolar solvent Explain the phase “like dissolves like” and give an example of two polar ‘’like” substances. Describe how soap cleans greasy dirt from your hands. Infer –Some small engines require a mixture of oil and gasoline. Gasoline evaporates easily. What conclusion can be drawn about the polarity of the engine oil?

Nonpolar material do not separate positive and negative areas Nonpolar material do not separate positive and negative areas. Because of this, they are not attracted to polar materials, which means they are not attracted to water molecules. Nonpolar materials do not dissolve in water except for a small extent, if at all. When Water Won’t work

Nonpolar Solutes- Example Vinegar and oil salad dressing—it has two distinct layers-- a bottom layer of vinegar, which is a solution of acetic acid in water, and the top layer is salad oil. The salad oil contains large molecules made of carbon and hydrogen atoms, called hydrocarbons.

Nonpolar Solutes- Example In hydrocarbons, carbon and hydrogen atoms share electrons in a nearly equal manner. This means that these molecules have no separate positive and negative areas. So nonpolar oil is not attracted to polar water.

Versatile Alcohol Versatile alcohol has both a polar and a nonpolar end, this means that Ethanol is a versatile alcohol. The polar end dissolves in polar substances and the nonpolar end dissolves in nonpolar substances. Ethanol can dissolve in both iodine, nonpolar and water, polar.

Useful Nonpolar Molecules Mineral oil can be used to remove candle wax (both are nonpolar) Mineral oil can also be used to remove to remove gum(both are nonpolar) Dry cleaners use nonpolar solvents when removing oily stains A general statement about cleanser is “like dissolves like.”

Drawbacks of Nonpolar Solvents Many nonpolar solvents are flammable Some are toxic to touch and to breath Some can produce high concentrations of harmful vapor in the air when used

How Soap Works Soaps are both polar and nonpolar They are salts of fatty acids, which are long hydrocarbon molecules with a carboxylic acid group -COOH at one end. When soap is made, the hydrogen atom of the acid group is removed, leaving a negative charge behind, and a positive ion of sodium or potassium is attached.

How Soap Works Soap has an ionic end that will dissolve in water and a long hydrocarbon portions that will dissolve in oily dirt. In this way oil is removed from your skin, hair, fabric, suspended in the wash water. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g a2ff1nO0uo

How Soap Works https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTuRmwSkuzQ