Theoretical Foundations Teaching and Learning with Technology Teaching and Learning with Technology Teaching and Learning with Technology Chapter 1 Theoretical Foundations  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Educational Technology Educational technology is any technology that is used to support teaching and learning ISTE’s NETS-T and NETS-S standards articulate what teachers and students should know  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Educational Technology and Instruction Technology are the tools to help create an effective instructional event Instructional events = all teaching methods and learning experiences Learning environment = physical and non-physical aspects where instruction takes place  Allyn and Bacon 2005

About Learning Variety of theories explain how we learn Each theory offers a different perspective or view as to how learning occurs Some theories may be contradictory Teachers must decide on theory for themselves  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Foundation Building Blocks for Using Technology in Teaching and Learning  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Learning as Communication Knowledge is transferred from sender to receiver Receiver returns feedback to sender Sender receives feedback Variables may alter intended meaning.  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning as Communication Learning Theories Learning as Communication  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Factors Affection Communication  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Environmental Factors Any factor that may cause a learner to lose focus Can block communications Lighting, movement, temperature may interfere with communications  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Psychological Factors Individual differences that define and impact communicated information Emotional state may interfere with message reception Learning styles may interfere with transmission  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Personal Filters Individual’s values, heritage, and belief system May include attitudes, cultural differences, and opinions Filters are present in both sender and receiver  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Behaviorist’s Perspective All behavior is a response to external stimuli Students learn in response to rewards and punishments Learning is a passive response to the environment  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Cognitivist’s Perspective Focus is on learning as a mental operation Information enters through senses Learning is explained by how one thinks Believe learning is more complex than behaviorist responses  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Constructivist’s Perspective Knowledge is constructed as a result of the learning process Learning occurs when knowledge is assimilated or accommodated (Piaget) Knowledge may be constructed best in a social context  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Cognitive Styles Manner in which one thinks and interprets the environment Myers-Briggs helps determine cognitive preferences Understanding cognitive styles helps teachers create supportive environments  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Myers-Briggs Cognitive Types  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Learning Theories Learning Styles Conditions under which one learns best Relates to individual sensory dominance Auditory learners learn best by listening Visual learners learn best by seeing Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best by doing and touching  Allyn and Bacon 2005

The Learner Intelligence Inherent capabilities to learn and understand Standford-Binet tests emphasize logical/mathematical and verbal capabilities Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences emphasizes multiple capabilities  Allyn and Bacon 2005

The Learner Multiple Intelligences Verbal-Linguistic Mathematical-Logical Visual-Spatial Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic Existential Musical  Allyn and Bacon 2005

The Learner Multiple Intelligences  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Teaching and Learning Teaching = a systematic, planned sequence of events A process that communicates ideas/skills Takes into account individual and environmental factors Aware of learning theories & learner characteristics  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Teaching and Learning Technology: a component of the teaching/learning process Educational technology includes resources that facilitate teaching/learning This view of technology has evolved It’s consistent with evolution of learning theories  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Teaching and Learning Teaching and learning work together Holistic planning is the key to effective learning Educational technologies selected after planning completed to enhance instruction  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Educational Technology An Historical Overview Began in the early 1900s with movies Slides, radio, sound recordings were added in the 1920s-1930s Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Educational Technology An Historical Overview 1960s: A-V expanded to a broader systems view 1970s: educational technology redefined and expanded further to include all technologies 1980s: educational technology entered the Digital Age  Allyn and Bacon 2005

Educational Technology Today Holistic view All media and systems that support teaching/learning Teachers must decide how to best utilize technology  Allyn and Bacon 2005