Aim: Is the Bill of Rights Necessary? Con Law Lesson 08 Aim: Is the Bill of Rights Necessary? What "rights" do we have? Are they unlimited rights? Mr. Oberhaus

Was a Bill of Rights Important? The Anti-Federalists fought against Ratification of the US Constitution because a Bill of Rights protecting the people from abuses by the government was not included. Thomas Jefferson and other founders promised to support the new constitution only if a listing of the basic rights of the people was added to the constitution immediately.

The Bill of Rights At the first session of Congress on September 25, 1789; James Madison proposed the first 12 Amendments to the US Constitution to ease the fears of Anti-Federalists. These 12 Constitutional Amendments would guarantee freedoms that were not expressly mentioned in the main body of the US Constitution. On December 15, 1791- 2 years, 2 months, and 20 days after being agreed to by Congress- the states ratified 10 of the 12 proposed Amendments.

Madison's Amendments would only affect the federal government and the states were not bound by them until the passage of the 14 Amendment in 1868. Madison designed this Bill of Rights to offer the same protections that British citizens enjoyed under: The Magna Carta 1215 The English Bill of Rights 1689 As well as the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776 drafted by Anti-Federalist George Mason

Proposed Bill of Rights 12 Amendments: Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition Right to bear arms Quartering of troops Searches and Seizures Criminal Proceedings, due process, eminent domain Criminal Proceedings Civil trials Punishment for Crimes Unenumerated Rights Powers reserved to the states Representation based on population (Pending) Compensation of Congressional members (Ratified 1992)

Unsuccessful Amendments Two of the proposed amendments failed: Representation based on population- would have set specific calculations for representatives of the House based on expanding populations. Small states did not ratify. This amendment is technically still pending ratification to this day. Congressional Pay- States that Congressional Pay raises shall not take effect until the next election takes place. This amendment became the 27 Amendment on May 20, 1992. 202 years, 7 months, and 12 days after being formally proposed.

Each group will be assigned one amendment from The Bill of Rights. Group Work Each group will be assigned one amendment from The Bill of Rights.

1st Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

2nd Amendment A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

3rd Amendment No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

4th Amendment The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

5th Amendment No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

6th Amendment In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

7th Amendment In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

8th Amendment Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

9th Amendment The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

10th Amendment The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Was the Bill of Rights Necessary? Conclusion Was the Bill of Rights Necessary?