Leukocyte adhesion in the liver: Distinct adhesion paradigm from other organs  Woo-Yong Lee, Paul Kubes  Journal of Hepatology  Volume 48, Issue 3, Pages 504-512 (March 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.12.005 Copyright © 2008 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 The tissue-specific mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment in an inflammatory response. (A) In the mesenteric, cremasteric, or hepatic post-capillary venules, fast-moving leukocytes tether and roll on activated endothelium via interactions between selectins and their ligands or, in some cases, integrin/cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) interactions. Proinflammatory mediators released by various sources within the tissue are presented on the endothelium to rolling leukocytes, resulting in integrin activation and firm adhesion. Firm adhesion permits leukocyte transmigration across the endothelium and entry into inflamed tissue via CAMs and junction adhesion molecules (JAMs). (B) The unique structure of hepatic sinusoidal endothelium is shown in (B), which is discontinuous, fenestrated, and lacking basal lamina and tight junction. The small and short arrow in (B) indicates slow blood flow in the sinusoids. In these narrow capillaries, the recruitment of slow-moving leukocytes is selectin-independent, and the rolling process is likely to be unnecessary. Recently, several adhesion molecules, including α4-integrin, VAP-1, CD44, and HA, for lymphocyte adhesion in liver sinusoids have been proposed (Details are discussed in the text). PSGL-1, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. Journal of Hepatology 2008 48, 504-512DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2007.12.005) Copyright © 2008 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Differential behaviour of Kupffer cells and NKT cells. The sinusoids of the cxcr6gfp/+ mouse which express green fluorescent NKT cells were visualized using confocal fluorescence intravital microscopy. NKT cells crawled along the sinusoids (indicated as dashed arrows), whereas Kupffer cells red-labelled by anti-F4/80 PE (indicated by arrowheads) were stationary when two photographs taken 8min apart were compared. Long pseudopods or arms of Kupffer cells protruded into multiple sinusoids. Journal of Hepatology 2008 48, 504-512DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2007.12.005) Copyright © 2008 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions