3D printing of a wearable personalized oral delivery device: A first-in-human study by Kun Liang, Simone Carmone, Davide Brambilla, and Jean-Christophe.

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Presentation transcript:

3D printing of a wearable personalized oral delivery device: A first-in-human study by Kun Liang, Simone Carmone, Davide Brambilla, and Jean-Christophe Leroux Science Volume 4(5):eaat2544 May 9, 2018 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 1 Workflow for the manufacture of wearable personalized oral delivery mouthguards by 3D printing. Workflow for the manufacture of wearable personalized oral delivery mouthguards by 3D printing. The manufacture of personalized oral delivery mouthguards by 3D printing involved two stages. In the data acquisition stage, we obtained an intraoral scan of the maxillary anatomy of the subject and the impression served as the template for 3D printing. 3D manufacture began with the production of printable pharmaceutical-grade (PG) filaments loaded with the desired compound by hot melt extrusion (HME). We obtained filaments with tunable release rates by adjusting the polymer composition in the feed and subsequently used them to fabricate prototypes with customizable designs (based on the scanned templates) by FDM-based 3D printing. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the personalized 3D-printed mouthguard on each individual. Kun Liang et al. Sci Adv 2018;4:eaat2544 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 2 Selection of compound-loaded filaments with tunable release properties for 3D printing. Selection of compound-loaded filaments with tunable release properties for 3D printing. (A) Chemical structures of CBS and VA. (B) TGA thermograms of CBS and VA. (C) Loading efficiencies of CBS and VA in the filaments after HME. PVA (high) and PVA (low) represent PVA/PLA feed weight ratios of 6:3 and 5:4, respectively, for CBS and ratios of 2:3 and 1:3, respectively, for VA. (D and E) Cumulative release of the CBS-loaded (D) and the VA-loaded (E) filaments in vitro. (F) Weight loss of the CBS-loaded and VA-loaded filaments after the in vitro dissolution study. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001. Kun Liang et al. Sci Adv 2018;4:eaat2544 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 3 Characterizations of filaments loaded with either CBS or VA. Characterizations of filaments loaded with either CBS or VA. (A and B) DSC thermograms of pure CBS (A), filaments consisting of only PLAS or PVAS, CBS-loaded PVA (high), and PVA (low) filaments, and pure VA (B), filaments consisting of only PLAPG or PVAPG, as well as VA-loaded PVA (high) and PVA (low) filaments. (C and D) XRPD diffractograms of the same compounds and filaments as in (A) [for (C)] and (B) [for (D)]. (E) SEM images of filaments loaded with either CBS or VA: surface, cross section, and a magnified view of the cross section. Scale bars, 100 μm (for surface and cross section) and 10 μm (for a magnified view of the cross section). (F and G) Stress-strain curve of PLAS, PVAS, and CBS-loaded filaments (F) and PLAPG, PVAPG, and VA-loaded filaments (G). Kun Liang et al. Sci Adv 2018;4:eaat2544 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 4 3D printing of mouthguards loaded with either CBS or VA that have tunable release properties. 3D printing of mouthguards loaded with either CBS or VA that have tunable release properties. (A) Image of a 3D-printed mouthguard comprising a CBS-free top (red) and CBS-containing base (off-white) fabricated using PLAS filament and PVA (high) CBS-loaded filament, respectively. (B) Image of a 3D-printed mouthguard comprising a VA-free top (white) and VA-containing base (off-white) fabricated using PLAPG/PVAPG (9:1, w/w) filament and PVA (high) VA-loaded filament, respectively. (C) Amount of residual CBS and VA in the mouthguards following 3D printing using the CBS-loaded and VA-loaded filaments. (D and E) Cumulative release of the CBS-loaded (D) and VA-loaded (E) mouthguards in vitro. (F) Images of the CBS-loaded and VA-loaded mouthguards before and after the in vitro dissolution study. A distinct whitening of the regions containing the CBS or VA occurred. (G) Weight loss of the CBS-loaded and VA-loaded mouthguards after the in vitro dissolution study. (H) Amount of residual CBS and residual VA in the mouthguards after the in vitro dissolution study. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001. Kun Liang et al. Sci Adv 2018;4:eaat2544 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 5 3D printing of tailored VA-loaded mouthguards for the first-in-human study and evaluation of VA release in the saliva. 3D printing of tailored VA-loaded mouthguards for the first-in-human study and evaluation of VA release in the saliva. (A) 3D-printed VA-loaded mouthguards with three different designs: HSPH, VSPH, and HSPL. (B) Representative images of the 3D-printed VA-loaded mouthguards tailored to each volunteer’s maxillary anatomy in the HSPH group. (C and D) Mean VA concentrations in the saliva of volunteers wearing mouthguards of the three designs during the first cycle (C) and second cycle (D) of wearing for 2 hours continuously. (E) Amount of residual VA in the mouthguards following three cycles of wearing by the volunteers. Box-and-whisker plot showing median (horizontal line), interquartile range (box), minimum and maximum of all of data (whiskers). (F) Representative images of each of the three types of VA-loaded mouthguards before and after three cycles of wearing by the same volunteer. A distinct whitening of the region containing VA was observed, as indicated by the arrows. Data for C and D are means ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001. Kun Liang et al. Sci Adv 2018;4:eaat2544 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).