ARPANET, Internet, Truth, Justice, Freedom of Speech, ...

When did Julius Frontinus say... “Inventions reached their limit long ago, and I see no hope for further development.”

When did Julius Frontinus say... “Inventions reached their limit long ago, and I see no hope for further development.” First century, A.D.

“An amazing invention – but who would want to use one?” -- President Rutherford B. Hayes after making a telephone call from Washington, D.C. to Philadelphia in 1876

“I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.” -- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1963

“There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.” -- Ken Olsen, President, Chairman, and Founder of Digital Equipment Corporation, 1977

Internet A global village of computer networks, a community of users, a collection of shared resources, with broad culturalal effects. Grown for nothing to a population of ~~ a billion users in less than 40 years.

ARPANET 1960's ... Cold War. DoD wants national network connecting all government and research computers which will not be brought down by point-of-failure attacks.

ARPANET to Internet Addresses Packets Traffic controllers

Internet Protocol Rules Each computer gets a unique address (dotted quad, e.g. 129.82.45.68) Each message broken into packets of about 1500 bytes Each packet addressed with source and destination IP address, and includes packet number (n of m) As packet arrives at a host computer, it reads the destination address and chooses best next path When packet arrives, destination computer uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to reassemble; may request re-transmit of missing packet(s)

Labor Day, 1969 Four computers at University of California Santa Barbara, University of Utah, University of California Los Angeles, and Stanford Research Institute were connected ... And the Internet (originally ARPANET) was born. And it grew...

Growth... 4 hosts in September, 1969 23 in April, 1971 62 in June, 1974 >1000 in 1984 Then more than doubled every year Increasing >30% per month, with number of hosts >doubling each year

Consequences Unanticipated dramatic growth Distance irrelevant Distributed, no central computer Easy to join Distance irrelevant Became world's fastest and cheapest communication... Appealing to millions of people

Recently estimated... More than a billion people with Internet access ... on more than 100 million networks ... in more than 150 countries ... transferring over 2000 trillion characters a month

Information In October, 2004, Google showed it was searching 4,285,199,774 web pages (no longer shown). What are some of the implications about this amount of information?