Africa—Basic Geography Africa is the second-largest continent in area and population. There are over 50 sovereign nations on the continent of Africa. Sudan is located in three separate regions of the continent: the Sahara Desert, the Sahel or savannah, and the Great Rift Valley.

Depending on the time of year, South Sudan can be lush and green or dry and brown. April through December is the rainy season. January through March is the dry season.

Colonial Africa European nations began exploiting Africa’s vast natural resources in the 16th century. In 1562, England became the first European nation to engage in the African slave trade. In 1884, seven European nations divided the African continent into 50 separate colonies. The last African nation to gain its independence from a European nation was Zimbabwe in 1980. Which two European nations held the most African colonies as of 1914?

A Long Walk to Water Overview The story focuses on two main characters, Salva and Nya who are from the Sudan in Africa. Salva is an 11 year old boy whose story is set in 1985 during the Sudanese Civil War. He needs to flee his country on foot to survive. Nya is an 11 year old girl whose story is set in 2008. She lives in a village with no running water. Salva’s story is nonfiction. Nya’s story is fictional, yet very realistic. Both characters face life-threatening dangers due to their setting.

Why is there fighting in Sudan? Fighting over religious freedom (the government was trying to force the entire country to become Muslim). Scarce resources (food, water, medicine, cattle) Fighting over territory Farmers vs. Herders Control over oil fields

The Dinkas and Nuers are two tribes focused on in the book. A Dinka man A Nuer man The Dinkas and Nuers are two tribes focused on in the book.

Vocabulary to Know Refugee - a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster. Rebels – people who rise in opposition or armed resistance against an established government or ruler. The Lost Boys – the name given to over 20,000 Sudanese boys who fled their country's civil war only to have no homeland for years

The Lost Boys of Sudan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JV2UoY_3iSY

Cattle is rare and valued. A small village Refugees fleeing the war. Cattle is rare and valued.

Running water is rare in the Sudan Running water is rare in the Sudan. Villagers treck hundreds of miles to find water and bring it back to their families.

Refugee Camps

3-2-1 Write three things you learned from this presentation. Write two things you found interesting. Write one question you have.