Migration Motivations and Journeys Forced Need for Safety Asylum Seekers Refugees Trafficked People Family reunification Voluntary Choice Tourism Employment Education Family Connection Migration Motivations and Journeys

Definitions Refugees Asylum Seekers A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because they have a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group. The determination of Refugee Status is made by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees OR the Relevant Government of a Third Party State from whom the Refugee has sought to provide them Protection. An Asylum Seeker is someone who has by leaving their own Country then sought the protection of the United Nations or Government of a Third Party State because a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.

Definitions Secondary Movement Primary Settlement The place where a refugee or asylum seeker is sent to live in Australia on Arrival. Refugees arriving under Humanitarian Settlement Program are directed to a particular Government Determined Primary Settlement Location such as Wagga Wagga or Albury. Refugees on Temporary Protection may not have a primary settlement location. They are free to live wherever they choose. Refugees on Safe Haven Enterprise Visas (5 year temp visas) MAY be able to access a non humanitarian visa pathway if they work and/or study in a regional area for at least 42 months of the visa. People seeking asylum are usually required to work to support themselves so are allowed to move wherever they can obtain work provided they inform the Dept. Home Affairs. Refers to refugees moving intentionally from their primary settlement location to another location Secondary Movement is voluntary, and involves complex motivations including but not only employment. People seeking Asylum and Refugees on Temporary Protection Visas are more likely to undertake multiple secondary movements. Only some refugees and asylum seekers are assured of government services, and others in the same category maybe more reliant upon local communities for support.

Key Services Accessed by Voluntary Migrants Service Arrangements Visa Types Health Usually Expected to have Insurance – limited or no Medicare eligibility Housing Self Sourced or Employer/Sponsor Sourced Language A level of Proficiency in English may be prescribed. Sometimes sponsors arrange additional language Transport Time limited use of International Licenses Education No assured access to Free State Education Skilled Visitors Student Seasonal Workers Family/Partner

Humanitarian Visa Categories Bridging* Bridging Visa E (050/051) NB: other Bridging Visas exist but most Humanitarian Cases are E Category Temporary TPV (3 yr) (785) SHEV (5 Yr) (790) Permanent Refugee (200) Special Onshore (201) Special Global Humanitarian (202) Women at Risk (204) Protection (866) *Bridging Visas are NOT Substantive Visas they are issued by the Department usually while a determination on an application for a substantive visa is being processed or reviewed

Services for Humanitarian Migrants Medicare Some On Bridging Visas do not have Medicare rights All Permanent & Temporary Protection Visa Holders Hospital Non Medicare entitled visa holders can ask for waivers from fees in Public Hospitals Education Children have access to Free State education but not necessarily Early Childhood Some Temporary and Bridging Visa Holders have limited access to Technical and Higher education Housing Only Permanent Protection Visa holders are assisted to find Housing. Most Humanitarian Migrants are not given priority access to Public Housing Social Security Permanent protection Visa Holders have full Social Security Entitlements and Eligibility Temporary protection Visa holders have limited Social Security Eligibility and Entitlement Some Bridging Visa holders have NO or Highly restricted Social Security Eligibility or Entitlement

Specialist Migration Support Services in the Region Support for highly vulnerable people with complex needs awaiting determination or finalization of their protection claims on Bridging Visas and unable to support themselves in community. (provided from Sydney by Settlement Services Int. or life Without Barriers). Status Resolution Support Services (SRSS) Initial Settlement and orientation to Living in Australia for Permanent visa holders 200 series/866 series (up to 18 months). Includes the Specialised Intensive Support (SIS) Services that can also assist some Temporary Protection and SETS Client on referrals. (Provided regionally by Australian Red Cross) Humanitarian Settlement Program (HSP) Post Initial settlement support from 12 months through to 5 year for Permanent visa holders in 200 series/866 visa. Provided by Albury Wodonga VRB, Albury Wodonga ECC, Centacare South West and Multicultural Council of Wagga Wagga Settlement Engagement and Transitional Support (SETS) Specialist counselling service for victims of torture and trauma. Based in Wagga servicing Albury and Griffith Services for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS) Pilot program for refugees and asylum seekers with enduring severe mental health needs in Wagga and Griffith and Leeton only. Red Cross Community Living Support for Refugees A National Red Cross program that provides support to people vulnerable to labour exploitation, modern slavery, forced marriage or sexual trafficking or domestic servitude. Support for Trafficked People/Forced Marriage International Red Cross program that assists people to restore family links disrupted by conflict and disaster that leads to forced migration. Restoring Family Links (International tracing)

Local responses for Local needs Most migrants do not need ongoing access to specialist services and appreciate rural communities do not have these services readily available. Links to key regional services to seek information and advice from are important. Holding regular community awareness about humanitarian movement trends and facts like Red Cross In Search of Safety or the Know your Neighbour conversations are important. Efforts to use interpreters and learn basic words of dialect that acknowledge the individual respectfully, such as greetings do much to facilitate communication. Engaging people by learning to speak their preferred name (not anglicising or abbreviating is important). Acknowledging Culturally significant days of celebration and mourning are also important. Establishing Key Community contacts to respond to arriving families and link with other services promptly is helpful Police, Hospital and Schools are critical – some training in support and referral desirable.