EOC Test Preparation: End of the Cold War and Modern America

Conservatism, Reagan, Cold War Traditional values, opposed to big government, private property rights, strong military against communism

Conservatism, Reagan, Cold War 1964 Election Barry Goldwater won the nomination for Republican candidate But Johnson (Dem.) won Goldwater’s run proved that many people favored conservatism, showed that the Republicans were a strong party, and that the southern states approved of his stance on CRs

Conservatism, Reagan, Cold War Ronald Reagan Actor, charismatic, conservative 1966: won election for governor of CA 1976: ran for president but lost nomination to Gerald Ford 1980: ran for president again and won against President Jimmy Carter

Conservatism, Reagan, Cold War Reaganomics Plan based on supply-side economics Economy would be stimulated and would recover quickly if supply of goods increased Cut taxes and encouraged certain business to achieve this goal Aka “tickle-down theory” Wealth and benefits of owners would “trickle down” to consumers and working class

Conservatism, Reagan, Cold War National Debt Reagan believed that role of gov. needed to decrease and US military needed to be stronger So: spending money on military but cutting taxes and decreasing regulation Massive spending + less revenue from taxes = DEBT.

Reagan and the “Evil Empire” “Evil Empire” = USSR Reagan believed the arms race would help the US while hurting the USSR Reagan and Gorbachev Mikhail Gorbachev was the leader of the USSR Formed a friendship and signed a treaty to reduce the number of US and Soviet missiles in Europe

Iron Curtain Gorbachev established glasnot (political openness)and perestroika (allowing limited free enterprise—capitalism) Eastern Europe communist nations had collapsed…seemed like USSR was next Nov. 9, 1989 East German gov. allowed people to travel freely to West Berlin. Germans began to tear down the Berlin Wall End of the Cold War USSR dissolved a few years later

The Legacy of Reagan Reagan committed US troops to Lebanon for UN peacekeeping mission Over 200 soldiers died, pulled troops out w/o reaching peace Iran-Contra Affair Officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for US hostages being held in the Middle East Used $$ to fund anti-communist rebels in Nicaragua (Contras) Still, he left office as a very popular president

Events and Issues (1990-200) George H. W. Bush Persian Gulf War Was Reagan’s VP before becoming president Persian Gulf War 1990: Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, made US nervous (oil fields) Bush and UN formed alliance of 28 countries that took military action 4 day war, liberated Kuwait

Events and Issues (1990-200) Foreign Oil US dependent on foreign oil Most citizens wanted to drill at home to fix the issue Environmental concerns Pursue alternative fuels

Events and Issues (1990-2000) Election of 1992 Bill Clinton wins “New Democrat”: moderate rather than liberal

Clinton’s Presidency Economic & Domestic Affairs Went from budget deficit to surplus NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) passed Free trade (no restrictions) between US, Canada, Mexico Fear of labor unions Tried to fix healthcare system…

“Contract with America” and 1994 Election Republicans gained control of House and Senate in ’94. Contract with America Newt Gingrich, Speaker of the House Pledge by conservatives to scale back role of gov., cut taxes, balance budget.

“Contract with America” and 1994 Election Clinton, Gingrich, and the budget battle Couldn’t compromise over budget-cuts Gov. shut down Shut down actually improved Clinton’s ratings People believed republicans and Congress were the most responsible for shut down Welfare reform Placed new restrictions on entitlements and scaled back social spending This helped Clinton win 1996 election

Scandal and Impeachment Paula Jones and Monica Lewinsky Sexual harassment and sexual relationship Clinton lied about both incidents Dec. 19, 1998 House voted to impeach Clinton. 2nd president to be impeached Senate acquit him

2000 Election Closest election ever George W. Bush and Al Gore Florida Supreme Court had to rule to stop any future recounts of ballots Tensions high between Dems and GOP.

The US and Middle East

The US and the Middle East War on Terror Saddam and WMDs (2003) Invade Afghanistan and Iraq 1978 Camp David Accords Settle tensions between Egypt and Israel 2011 multiple uprising/revolutions in ME

Issues at Home Immigration Economic disparity Real Estate Crisis Taxes Difference in wealth between different groups of people Real Estate Crisis Taxes Cut or raise them? Globalization

EOC BOOKWORK P. 224-226 #s 1-10 multiple choice