Aim: Is my conception of history and geography correct? Historical Thinking Skills: Periodization and Point of View Do Now: From your birth to the present day, divide up your life into 3 key periods, and name each.

What do you think “Big History” means? I Should we include the history of the universe as part of our history? Of the earth? What do you think “Big History” means? Big History is a unified account of the entire history of the Universe that uses evidence from multiple disciplines to create a broad context for understanding the story of humanity.

II What is Periodization? Periodization is the attempt to categorize history into periods of time based on chronology and/or specific characteristics. Historians do not agree on any one division of history into periods of time.

Periodization According to the AP Board 1200 – 1450 The Global Tapestry & Networks of Exchange 1450 - 1750 Land Based Empires & Transoceanic Connections 1750 - 1900 Revolutions & Consequences of Industrialization 1900 - Present Global Conflict, Cold War, Decolonization, & Globalization

Right: Medieval European Map III Cartography A) Cartography is the art and science of making maps. Left: Ptolemy Map 150 CE Right: Medieval European Map

Cartography Continued… B) A Mercator Projection (invented in 1569), enables a navigator to plot a straight-line course. *It distorts the size and shape of land areas. C) The Robinson Projection shows the entire world at once. *It makes plotting latitude and longitude easier, but it distorts the world as flat. D) GPS began in the 1970s. Mercator Projection Robinson Projection

Maps for the AP Exam

The Maps You Need to Know for the AP Exam

IV What is Big Geography? Big geography is geography in the context of the entire globe.

The Conventional Map of 7 Continents

Dividing Lines? Ural Mountains Bosporus Strait Left: www.peakware.com/encyclopedia/peaks/photo Right: Encarta Encyclopedia Bosporus Strait

EURASIA

AFRO-EURASIA AMERICAS

“Mapping Crimea” by Michael Blanding, Nat Geo 2014 After… the Crimean parliament had officially voted to secede from Ukraine and join Russia, Western governments immediately condemned the move. But one influential institution broke ranks to recognize the peninsula’s new political status: National Geographic. Not two days after the vote, the magazine’s editors decided to update its maps of the area to show Crimea as a part of Russia—shading it as a disputed territory, similar to the way it handles Gaza and the West Bank. If Russia votes to annex Crimea, the magazine says, it will take away the shading to show the territory as a full-fledged part of the Russian Federation. “We map de facto, in other words we map the world as it is, not as people would like it to be”… Maps always show the world as we their creators choose to interpret it—often reflecting political motivations or desired reality as much as objective geography… India, Pakistan, and China all use different maps to define the boundaries of Kashmir. Moroccan maps include the disputed area of Western Sahara as part of the kingdom. China uses ancient maps to assert its legitimacy over Tibet. Israelis and Palestinians refer to maps created in 1919 and 1947 as the basis to claim their own boundaries…

“Chinese city shreds 29,000 maps showing Taiwan as a country” by Laurie Chen South China Post 2019. Authorities in a northeastern Chinese city destroyed about 29,000 “problematic” world map posters that depicted Taiwan as a country. More than 800 boxes containing 28,908 maps destined for export were shredded at a government-designated secret site in Qingdao, Shandong province, late last week. The move was ordered by the city’s natural resources and planning bureau after the maps were discovered by customs officials... The bureau said the haul was the biggest recent official seizure of “problematic” maps and it promised to keep a closer eye on map production, as well as the import and export of those products. Maps reflected national sovereignty and were a political statement, Ma Wei, from the Department of Geographical Information Management at the Ministry of Natural Resources, was quoted as saying. “If there are ‘problematic maps’ which harm national sovereignty and territorial integrity, especially foreign printed products or products destined for import or export, they will be intentionally used or speculated on by the international community,” he said. “[This will] directly harm the national interest and citizens’ dignity, and is a serious threat to national security.” The educational maps were made by an unnamed company in the city of Hefei in Anhui province, the report said. It was not known which countries they were to be shipped to, but photos showed that the maps were printed in English. In recent months, Beijing has increased pressure on foreign firms to refer to Taiwan as a part of China on their international sites in an effort to assert its authority over the self-governing island, which it views as a breakaway province eventually to be reunited with the mainland. Many businesses, such as Delta Air Lines, the Marriott hotel chain and more recently MAC Cosmetics, were forced to make public apologies for “offending” Chinese consumers by referring to Taiwan as a separate country. Last year, American clothing retailer Gap apologized for releasing a T-shirt that showed a map of China that did not include Taiwan.

Crimea & Taiwan

HW 1. Label each of the following regions AND label 3 countries for each: Western Europe Eastern Europe East Asia Southeast Asia Southwest Asia Central Asia South Asia North Africa West Africa East Africa Central Africa Southern Africa Oceania North America & the Caribbean South America 2. In a paragraph, summarize the main points of the article “Mapping Crimea”. In a 2nd paragraph, answer if you agree or disagree with National Geographic’s decision on how to map Crimea? 3. In a paragraph, summarize the main points of the article “Chinese city shreds 29,000 maps showing Taiwan as a country”. In a 2nd paragraph, write your opinion. 4. Define the key vocabulary words.

Key Vocabulary Afroeurasia Big Geography Big History Cartography Crimea Eurasia Mercator Projection Periodization Robinson Projection