Civil Rights:

Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties 14th Amendment to U.S. Constitution Defining Civil Rights Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties Guarantee vs. Protection 14th Amendment to U.S. Constitution Equal Protection Clause Due Process

Identifying Discrimination Is it ever bad for the government to discriminate? Rational Basis Test Rationally related to a legitimate government interest Cannot be arbitrary, deliberate, or capricious Other criteria not gender, race, national origin, ethnicity or creed

Identifying discrimination Intermediate Scrutiny Substantially related to important government objective No greater than necessary to achieve Gender classification Craig vs. Boren

Identifying Discrimination Strict Scrutiny Compelling State Interest Least Restrictive Option Toughest standard to meet Affirmative Action

African American Experience Slavery and the Civil War Dred Scott vs. Sanford Black Codes Reconstruction 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

African American Experience Jim Crow Laws Disenfranchisement Literacy and Understanding Test White Primaries Poll Taxes Grandfather Clause Plessy vs. Ferguson

Civil Rights in the Courts NAACP Thurgood Marshall Test Cases McLaurin vs. Oklahoma Sweatt vs. Painter Brown vs. Board of Education

Civil Rights in the Courts Brown vs. Board of Education Unanimous verdict Ended De Jure Segregation De Facto Discrimination White Flight Initial Language Vague Loving vs. Virginia

Legislating Civil Rights 24th Amendment Martin Luther King Jr. Direction Action Civil Disobedience Rosa Parks From Selma to Montgomery

Legislating Civil Rights Civil Rights Act of 1964 Prohibited Private Discrimination Created the EEOC Justification? Commerce Clause and not 14th amendment Addendums over time

Legislating Civil Rights Voter Rights Act of 1965 Banned Literacy and Understanding Test Allowed for federal government to monitor elections Rapid increase of black voter registration Pre-Clearance Shelby County vs. Holder

Civil Rights and Women Early View Coverture Restricted voting rights Active in Abolitionists and Temperance movements Elizabeth Stanton denied admittance to meeting Seneca Fall Convention

Equal Rights Amendment Civil Rights and Women Women’s Suffrage 19th Amendment Feminist Movement Betty Friedan Title IX Equal Rights Amendment

ERA fell a few states shy of ratification Civil Rights and Women ERA fell a few states shy of ratification Descriptively underrepresented in government and society Comparable worth Glass Ceiling Abortion issue Roe vs. Wade Whole Woman’s Health vs. Hellerstadt

Civil Rights and Women

Civil Rights and Native Americans/islanders Trail of Tears Dawes Severalty Act and Curtis Act Many Denied Citizenship until 1940 American Indian Movement Wounded Knee Alaskan and Hawaiian natives Similar issues of Assimilation and land

Civil Rights and Native Americans/Islanders

Civil Rights and Hispanics/Latino A history of deportations 1930 and great depression Operation “Wetback” LULAC Migrant farm workers strike Caesar Chavez

Civil Rights and Asian Americans History of block citizenship and laws preventing land acquisition Japanese Internment Korematsu vs. US Lau vs. Nichols Not very active today

Civil Rights and Gay Americans Stonewall Inn Anti-Sodomy Laws Bowers vs. Hardwick Lawrence vs. Texas Defense of Marriage Act “Don’t ask Don’t Tell” Obergefell vs. Hodges

Civil Rights and Disabilities Forced Sterilization Buck vs. Bell Ended in the 1970’s Rehabilitation Act and Education for Handicapped Children Act Americans with Disability Act

Civil Rights and Disabilities