Computer components

Computer Definition

Computer components Software Hardware

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CPU Memory 1+2 3 Computer 1+2 Output devices Input devices

Central Processing Unit Computer Hardware Computer hardware ? Output devices Input devices memory Central Processing Unit Cpu

The Central Processing Unit(CPU): The Central Processing Unit (CPU), also known as Microprocessor of a computer, is an electronic chip that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer system. The CPU is like the brain of the computer.

The Central Processing Unit(CPU) Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Control Unit (CU)

The Central Processing Unit(CPU): It consists of two parts: Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU). Control Unit (CU) The Control Unit controls the rest of the computer system to carry out specified instructions. It controls the movement of signals among CPU, memory, and other devices. Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU) The Arithmetic-Logic Unit performs arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic operations are the basic mathematical operations like Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division. Logical operations of ALU include logical comparisions such as Greater than (>), Less than (<), Equal to (=) and also True or False statements - AND, OR, NOT, etc.

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The Central Processing Unit(CPU) : The Central Processing Unit(CPU) Speed is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). KHZ=1000 HZ MHZ=1000000 HZ =1000 KHZ GHZ=1000000000 HZ = 1000 MHZ

The Central Processing Unit = (CPU) = processor

Central Processing Unit Computer hardware ? Output devices Input devices memory Central Processing Unit Cpu

Primary Memory (RAM) (ROM)

ROM (Read Only Memory): Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a permanent memory having built-in programs from the manufacturer. ROM chips contain instructions for booting of the computer. data in ROM is not lost when the computer is turned off. The information in ROM can’t be deleted or modified.

RAM (Random Access Memory) or main memory : Random-Access Memory (RAM) holds programs(instructions) and data currently required by the CPU to process. RAM is called temporary or Volatile storage as everything in RAM is lost when the computer is switched off.

CPU Memory (RAM) 1+2 3 Computer 1+2 Output devices Input devices

Central Processing Unit Computer hardware ? Output devices Input devices memory Central Processing Unit Cpu

Storage measurement units:

A 1 1 1 1 1 Bit Byte

Equal to 8 bits , this is the amount of storage space : the amount of storage space needed to hold either a 1 or a 0 in memory (binary numbering ) This is the smallest unit of computer memory bit Equal to 8 bits , this is the amount of storage space needed to hold one character byte bytes1024 Kilobyte(KB) 1024KB Megabyte(MB) 1024MB Gigabyte(GB) 1024GB Terabyte(TB)

Central Processing Unit Computer hardware ? Output devices Input devices memory Central Processing Unit Cpu

Input devices: Input devices translate numbers, letters, and actions that we understand into a form that computers can process.

Input devices.

Touch screen Electronic board

Central Processing Unit Computer hardware ? Output devices Input devices memory Central Processing Unit Cpu

Output devices: Output devices are used by the computer system to give us the output.

Monitor

Output devices: Printer

Speakers

Devices used for input and output? Touch screen

Central Processing Unit Computer Hardware ? Output Devices Input Devices Memory Central Processing Unit CPU ))

SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES Storage drives are used to store and transfer data files. After data is entered into a computer, is must be saved as a file to preserve its contents after the computer is switched off.

Hard disk: The hard disk is the main secondary storage device in the computer system. It permanently stores software and data files. There are two types of Hard Disks: •Internal Hard Disk (Installed within the System Unit) and •External (Portable) Hard disk.

Floppy disk drive: COMPACT DISC (CD) CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD-ROM DVD-R DVD-RW

Flash DRIVE :

A 1 1 1 1 1 Bit Byte

Equal to 8 bits , this is the amount of storage space : the amount of storage space needed to hold either a 1 or a 0 in memory (binary numbering ) .This is the smallest unit of computer memory bit Equal to 8 bits , this is the amount of storage space needed to hold one character byte bytes1024 Kilobyte(KB) 1024KB Megabyte(MB) 1024MB Gigabyte(GB) 1024GB Terabyte

THE SYSTEM UNIT The System Unit, also known as System Cabinet, is a container housing most of the electronic components that make up a computer system. It has three important components i.e., A Motherboard, Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Memory.

MOTHERBOARD

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75YluhF QyII

Computer components Software Hardware

Software: - The instructions that a computer follows . - Operating systems, office programs and games are examples of software. - Software governs when and how various pieces of hardware can be put to a variety of uses

1-Operating Systems software : is the software that runs the computer Microsoft Windows is the operating system a lot of people use. However, there are other forms of systems software such as Unix, Linux, (Mac OS) and so on

2- Applications Software Word Processing: Example Microsoft Word Spreadsheets:. Example Microsoft Excel Database: Examples Microsoft Access Presentation: Example Microsoft PowerPoint Web browsing Applications Software must be compatible with the Operating Systems

(Sheet 1) Sara Turn on her computer and then open the word processor to write her homework : What are the steps taken by the computer to do this task in order: Load MS word into the RAM 3 1 Run the BIOS software from the ROM read the OS files from HDD and copy them to the RAM 2 4 save the word file in the hard disk