Colonialism Nationalism Apartheid Pan-African Movement

Only affected South Africa Lasted from 1948 – 1993 Apartheid Only affected South Africa Nelson Mandela was the first black, free, and democratic president of South Africa. F.W. de Klerk worked to repeal the legal segregation of the races. African National Congress fought for black African rights; organized strikes and boycotts. Nelson Mandela once led this group. System of laws in South Africa to separate the races Mandela was sentenced to life in prison, but only served 27 years. Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 Black homelands

“Martin Luther King, Jr. of South Africa” F.W. de Klerk Apartheid Nelson Mandela Freedom Day, every April 27th, commemorates the first free, democratic election in South Africa. “Martin Luther King, Jr. of South Africa” Process of dividing or separating (African territory) Colonialism Fighting within a country or region The geographical spreading of Africans around the world; living away from your homeland Pan-African Movement Movement to gain your own country or free yourself from foreign control Nationalism System where a country maintains colonies outside its borders

Strong pride in one’s nation, enough so that you want self-rule Nationalism When one country controls the government and economy of another country Colonialism Movement for all Africans to unify Pan-African movement Raw materials that are used to produce goods Nigeria’s independence from Britain was __________ (peaceful/violent) Mau Mau Kenya’s independence from Britain was _____________ (peaceful/violent) Jomo Kenyatta Bob Marley

Conflict and fighting affected both Europeans and Africans. Movements that occur because people in a country seek independence from another power Nationalism Conflict and fighting affected both Europeans and Africans. colonialism Artificial boundaries cause war and conflict. Colonialism One main goal was to get Africans to think of themselves as one people and work together Pan-African movement Create a unified political identity Kenya gains independence in 1963 Nigeria gains independence in 1960 “Scramble for Africa” Partitioning leads to artificial borders and conflict

Political rivalry in Europe White Man’s Burden Colonialism Natural resources Political rivalry in Europe Most countries had become independent by the 1960s Nationalism Pan-African movement Educated Africans start these movements, which help one, singular country become independent. Multi-national movement (around the world) Continental Diasporic