Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Things to think about.... How have we traditionally treated people with mental health needs? How are we looking into the future for people with mental health needs? What might be some changes that will arise in this next decade or two?   Treatment of Psychological Disorders Things to think about....

Psychological Therapies Module 33 Psychological Therapies

????? What books, movies or tv shows have you seen psychotherapy? What do you know about psychotherapy? What is the difference between psychotherapy and biomedical therapy?

Psychotherapy An interaction between a trained therapist and someone who is seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. There are over 250 different types of therapy.

Four Major Types of Psychotherapy Most therapies can be divided into: Psychoanalytic Humanistic Behavioral Cognitive

Eclectic Approach An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the person’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. Uses whichever therapy works best for the problem the person has Crash Course Psychotherapy

Psychoanalysis Sheldon the Psychoanalyst (3:20) Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Founder of psychoanalysis, a controversial theory about the workings of the unconscious mind.

Psychoanalysis Goal of  Classic Psychoanalysis: reduce  anxiety & guilt by gaining insight into the unconscious Attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflict Freud and Psychoanalysis (30 mins)

Psychoanalytic Assumptions Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Psychoanalysis Assumptions Psychological problems are the result of repressed conflicts and impulses from childhood.

Psychoanalysis Assumptions The therapist must bring the repressed problems into the conscious mind to help patients have an insight about the original cause of the problem.

Module 33: Psychological Therapies Psychoanalytic Methods Psycho analysis aims to dig up the past to clarify the present by using several different tools. The following methods can be used: Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Free Association Freudian technique of discovering the unconscious mind--where the patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing Sometimes we hesitate While freely speaking….

Resistance In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.  The assumption is that  if we block it, then it is  causing us conflict

Interpretation In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting of ideas of the meaning behind dreams, resistances, and other significant behaviors to promote insight. The analyst’s ideas of the meaning behind the patient’s dreams (latent content), resistance, and other behaviors

Transference In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer of strong emotions (such as love or hatred) linked with other relationships to the analyst. The patient projects feeling from the past to the therapist. Worksheet on methods

Problems with Psychoanalysis Can important memories be repressed? Psychoanalysis takes a long time and is very costly Psychoanalysis does not allow for differing interpretations.

Who would be a good candidate for psychoanalysis? The following personality traits are crucial in determining whether psychoanalysis will be successful: (just write underlined stuff) 1. Motivation: strong internal motivation because it could take several times a week for several years 2. Capacity to form interpersonal relationships: must be able to form, maintain but ultimately detach from an intimate trusting relationship

. Capacity for introspection and insight: requires natural curiosity about oneself and self-scrutiny 4. Ego Strength: the person must be able to accept the “rules” of psychoanalysis and be open to painful facts andinterpretations about him or herself.  Are you?

Psychoanalysis: The Psychodynamic Perspective Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Psychoanalytic Influence Few therapists follow strict Freudian therapy. Heavily influenced other types of therapy (interpersonal therapy) Modern approach is the psychodynamic perspective

Psychodynamic Perspective A more modern view that retains some aspects of Freudian theory but rejects other aspects Retains the importance of the unconscious mind Less emphasis on unresolved childhood conflicts

Interpersonal psychotherapy: 12-16 session method where therapists try to gain insight into the origin of a problem but they focus more on life now, rather than long ago childhood conflict. Are you Covered? assignment

Are alternative therapies effective? What are some alternative therapies? Aromatherpists, reflexologists, anger-release therapists, Reike, Light exposure therapy Read p. 590 Assignment: What is a new type of therapy that we are seeing emerge?

Module 33: Psychological Therapies Humanistic Therapies Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Humanistic therapy is Nondirective Therapy Therapist listens without interpreting and does not direct the client (patient) to any particular insight.

Carl Rogers (1902-1987) Humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy and stressed the importance of acceptance, genuineness, and empathy in fostering human growth.

Client-Centered Therapy A humanist therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate the client’s growth. The therapy stresses: Empathy Acceptance Genuineness Rogers in Ten Minutes

Active Listening Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates and clarifies. Activity 32.7 (Self-concealment Scale)

Active Listening Characteristics Active listening entails: Echoing/Reflecting feelings: mirrors the feelings of the client Restating/Paraphrasing: uses the words of the client to summarize the conversation Clarifying: encouraging the client to say more by asking leading questions Carl meets Gloria

Module 33: Psychological Therapies Behavior Therapies Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Behavior Therapy Behavior Therapy (10 mins) Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. Uses both classical and operant conditioning Primary concern is to eliminate the disorder’s behavior, not find the cause of the disorder

Behavior Therapy Primary concern is to eliminate the disorder’s behavior, not find the cause of the disorder

Behavior Therapies: Classical Conditioning Techniques Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Counterconditioning A behavior therapy technique that teachers us to associate new responses to places or thing that have in the past triggered unwanted behaviors. Systematic and aversive conditioning

Systematic Desensitization A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety- triggering stimuli. Usually used to treat phobias

Systematic Desensitization Process Establish a hierarchy of the anxiety- triggering stimuli Learning relaxation methods (progressive relaxation) Slowly think through the hierarchy, working to relax whenever anxiety is felt Demonstrate this process

Systematic Desensitization

Systematic Desensitization

Systematic Desensitization

Systematic Desensitization

Systematic Desensitization

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy A newer option An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. The best way to get over fear (4 min) virtual reality exposure therapy (6 min) Using humor in Systematic Desensitization virtual reality therapy recent

Aversive Conditioning A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). The person is replacing a positive but harmful response with a negative response Example with alcoholism: Lace a drink with a drug that makes the person becomes sick

Aversive Conditioning

Aversive Conditioning

Aversive Conditioning

Module 33: Psychological Therapies Behavior Therapies: Operant Conditioning Techniques Penney Loves Chocolate! Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Token Economy An operant conditioning procedure that attempts to modify behavior by rewarding desired behavior with some small item. The tokens can be exchanged for various privileges or treats Form of secondary reinforcement Behaviorism and Token Economy

Module 33: Psychological Therapies Cognitive Therapies Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Cognitive Therapy Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting. Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Cognitive Therapy Almost half of all therapist at a university setting use cognitive therapies

The best psychological therapy for depression appears to be congnitively based. Why? Negative thoughts fuel depression, often worsening negative moods Self-serving bias is absent during depression (blame instead of credit) Training people to think more positively has been linked with reducing depression (constructive vs. destructive thoughts) Activity 32.13: Frequency of Self-reinforcement

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive Therapy

Self-Serving Bias Tendency to judge oneself favorably Severely depressed patients tend to not have a self-serving bias and tend to blame themselves for problems and credit the environment for successes Optimistic explanatory style How is pessimistic thinking different from optimistic thinking? Activity 32.13: Frequency of Self-Reinforcement

Pessimistic vs. Optimistic It is permanent. Belief that bad events become permanent. It is personal. That bad events are a result of some personal flaw that cannot be changed. It is pervasive. They believe that a bad event in one area of their life will influence all areas of their life.

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Integrated therapy that combines changing self-defeating thinking with changing inappropriate behaviors.

Family and Group Therapies Module 33: Psychological Therapies

Group Therapy Having a therapist work with a number of patients at one time Groups usually consist of 6 to 10 people Cognitive, behavior, and humanistic therapists all can lead group therapies.

Advantage of Group Therapy Therapists can help more than one person at a time. Overall session cost is lower. Patients interact with others having the same problems as they have. Builds a sense of community

Family Therapy Therapy that views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other members of the family and attempts to guide the family toward positive relationships and improved communication.

Mini Research Assignment Research and try and find information about a newer or radical or extreme therapy that we have not discussed at length. Be ready to explain this information to your group on __________ What is it, how does it work, how much does it cost, where can you access this, are there any stats on success rates, etc

Comparison of Psychotherapies Group Work

Comparison of Psychotherapies

Comparison of Psychotherapies

Comparison of Psychotherapies

Comparison of Psychotherapies

Comparison of Psychotherapies

What is Online Therapy? Online therapy is the delivery of mental health counseling via the Internet. People also know it as e-therapy, distance therapy, Internet therapy and web therapy. Therapists and online therapy networks use a variety of mediums such as apps for texting, video chatting, voice messaging and audio messaging.

Advantages of Online Therapy Less expensive No traveling No stigma(no one see them coming/going) Can get therapy from comfort of home More anonymity Scheduling easier Are there disadvantages?

All therapies offer 3 basic benefits: Hope for demoralized people A new perspective An empathic, trusting, caring relationship What are some common signs of trouble that may require professional help? p. 601

The most common signs of trouble that might require professional help: Thoughts of suicide Self-destructive behavior (addictions) Disruptive fears Deep and lasting depression Sudden mood shifts Compulsive rituals Page 601 Define the types of therapist and training

End of Module Questions: 1. Has your view of therapy changed? Explain. 2. If you were experiencing a mental,relational or social problem, would you seek help from a professional licensed therapist? Why or why not? 3. If you were to see a therapist, which type of therapy would you prefer they follow? Why?

The End