BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT Submitted To – Dept.of Biotechnology Presented By – Sonika Chouhan M.Sc. II Sem

Content  Introduction  Sources  examples  Steps of biomedical waste management  Segregation  Collection and storage  Transportation  Treatment and disposal  Incineration  Autoclaving  Sharp pit  Safety measures  Conclusion  Reference

Introduction Biomedical waste may be defined as any solid, liquid waste material. These are generated during short term, long term care consisting of observational,diagnostic, therapeutic service for a person suffering from disease or injury. (healthcare unit) These are also produced during research work.

80-90% waste are generated. This comes from the administrative and housekeeping functions of hospital and laboratory. A common bio-medical waste treatment facility is used for treatment (CBMWTF) and dispose of biomedical waste Conti….

Sources of BMW The biomedical waste is generated by- Hospitals Health clinics Nursing home Medical research laboratory Veterinary hospitals Funeral homes

Examples of infectious waste include - Discarded blood, unwanted microbial cultures and stock, human animal tissues, used bandages, dressing materials, discarded gloves needles, scalpels, lancets.

Need for safety treatment and disposal of BMW Due to increase in population the amount of biomedical waste generation also increases. BMW is capable of causing infectious diseases. Inappropriate treatment and disposal can spread tuberclosis, HIV infection etc.

Management Biomedical waste must be properly managed and disposed. To protect the environment, general public and workers, especially healthcare and sanitation workers. They face a risk of exposure to biomedical waste as an occupational hazards.

Steps of biomedical waste management Treatment and Disposal Collection & Storage Transportation Segregation

Segregation: Segregation should be done as per categories s.no.Waste typeTreatment 1.Human anatomical waste (Human tissues, Organ, Body part) Incineration /deep buried 2.Animal waste (Animal tissues, Organ, Body part or waste generated from veternity hospital etc. ) Incineration /deep buried 3.Microbial & biotechnology waste (Waste from laboratories,stocks culture of m.o. research work,industrial lab. Etc. ) Local Autoclaving 4.Incineration ash (ash from incineration of any BMW) Deep buried in soil 5.Discarded medicines (discard out -dated medicines ) Incineration

Collection and storage Location of container All the container having different coloured plastic bags should be located at the point of generation of waste i.e. near diagnostic services area. Bags It should be ensured that waste bags are filled upto only ¾ capacity. These should be tightly packed and removed from the site of generation.

Storage of waste Untreated BMW should not be stored beyond 48 hour.

Transportation Inside the hospital Waste route should be designed separate. Dedicated wheel trolleys are used, it should be cleaned with disinfectant. Trolleys should not have sharp edges. Outside the hospital BMW shall be transported only in vehicles authorized by specific government.

Treatment and Disposal of waste  Biomedical waste Anatomical waste should be deep buried. Syrings to be cut with hubcutter. Infected plastics should be chemically autoclaved, recycled or sent for final disposal into municipal dumps. There are following methods of treatment- Incineration Autoclaving Sharp pit

Incineration It is a process in which waste is destructed in furnance by controlled burning at high temperature. It removes water from hazardous sludge, It convert it into non-burnable ash that can safely disposed on land in water and underground pits.

Conti…  It has the following parameters-  Temp. should be *c.  The waste is exposed for atleast two seconds.  It should have the air pollution control equipments.

Autoclaving This process is used for microbiology lab. Waste,human blood or any fluid waste.autoclaving is a time-tested process of sterelization of medical waste using high temperature and high pressure steam. Effective sterilization results in the destruction of bacteria,virus spores and other pathogenic micro organisms.

Fig. Autoclave

Sharp pit Sharp waste (needles,scalpel,lancet ) can be disposed into a circular or rectangular pit. Pit can dug and lined with bricks, masonary or concrete rings The pit should be covered with heavy concrete slab. It should be half filled with waste. Rest of pit should be filled with soil.

Fig. Sharp pit

Safety measures The following protection equipment should be used by health care worker – Gloves Masks Protective glasses Plastic Apron Boots

Cap Mask Glasses Apron Gloves Boots

conclusion The BMW generated from hospitals and other sources will be treated without polluting the environment. All the above treatment and disposal processes is done under BMWM guidelines. The remaining material after incineration should be safely buried.

Reference Google Journal of environment science BWM rule book.