Astronomy: the science of the stars Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

How did life begin on earth?

Pre-reading Each religion or culture has its own ideas about how life began on the earth. What do you know?

Christians believe ______ creates the world. God

The Bible Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night. Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean. Day 3: God spoke and created dry land. Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars. Day 5: God spoke and created living things in the air and sea. Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man. Day 7: God rested.

In China, it is believed that _______ separates the sky from the earth and _______ creates humans with mud. Pangu Nuwa

Pangu separated the earth and sky with an ax Pangu separated the earth and sky with an ax. After he died, his breath became wind and cloud; his voice became thunder and his left eye sun and right one moon; arms and legs became edges and mountains; blood became rivers and tendon (筋脉) became roads; muscles became fields and hair stars; teeth and bones became metals, pearls and jade; sweat became rain.

In ______, Brahman (梵天) is the first god in the Hinduism In ______, Brahman (梵天) is the first god in the Hinduism . He is the creator of the universe and all living beings are said to have developed from him. India

What’s the scientific idea?

2. What information can we get from picture 1 and picture 2 ? Task 1 : Prediction Read the title and look at the pictures. Predict what the reading will be about. 1.According to the title, the passage is possibly organized ______. A. in order of time .   B. in order of frequency. C. in order of preference.    D. in order of space. 2. What information can we get from picture 1 and picture 2 ? A

古生代 中生代 新生代

Task 2 : Skimming Read the passage quickly and analyze its structures. Match the main idea with each paragraph.

Paragraph 1: The importance of water for life A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: The formation of the earth The arrival of humans and their effect on the earth Paragraph 4: The development of plants and animals on the earth Paragraph 5:

Task 3 : Scanning Scan the passage and put the order of development of life into a timeline.

1. Insects and amphibians appeared 8 2. Dinosaurs appeared 10 3. The earth became a solid ball 3 4. Small plants grew on the water 5 5. Reptiles appeared 9 6. Plants began to grow on dry land 7 7. The earth was a cloud of dust 2 8. Water appeared on the earth 4 9. Shellfish and other fish appeared 6 10. The universe began with a “Big Bang” 1 11. Clever animals with hands and feet appeared 12 12. Mammals appeared 11

Task 4 : Careful Reading How life began on the earth is a problem concerned with chemistry and biology. ①Suppose you are an expert on chemistry. Try to fill in the blank. After the _____________, ______ began to form and combine to create star and other bodies. Dust settled into ___________. It became so ________ that it exploded to produce ________, ________, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s ____________. At the same time, _____, which helped dissolve _________gases and _______, appeared on its surface. big bang atoms a solid globe violent carbon nitrogen atmosphere water harmful acids

A cloud of dust A solid ball Water Atmosphere

②Suppose you are an expert on biology. Try to fill in the blank. The first small plants on the surface of the water produced_______ . Early _______ and all sorts of fish appeared. Next, Green plants began to grow on land. Insects and___________ appeared. Later________ appeared and they produced their young by ___________. Among them, _________ were the hugest. They ________ on the earth for more than 140 million years. After their disappearance, mammals rose and ___________ baby animals. About 2.6 million years ago Some small ______ animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the earth.They were called _____________ and they would become the most important animals in the world. oxygen shellfish amphibians reptiles laying eggs dinosaurs existed gave birth to clever human beings

plants in the water shellfish and fish plants on land reptiles insects and amphibians mammals

Task 5 : If we want to move to live on the Mars, what factors (因素) should we take into consideration?

Mass(质量) 6.42×1023 kg 5.98×1024 kg Radius(半径) 3395 km 6371 km Average Temperature -55 ℃ 15℃ Rotation(自转) Period 24h 37m 23h 56m Revolution(公转) 687 days 365 days Atmosphere CO2(95%) N2(78%) O2(21%)

Mars 225 million kilometers v=58000 km/h Earth t=3880 h (162 days)

Volunteer Wanted Some volunteers are wanted to move to the Mars. Conditions: Age: Above 16 Sex: Male & Female Nationality: All countries Body: Healthy Requirement: ①Make a full preparation that there is almost no chance to return to the earth ②Keep a good relationship with others …