Aim: How was the U.S. Constitution ratified?

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How was the U.S. Constitution ratified? Do Now: What is the significance of signing your name to a document? What message are you sending when you sign your name? What message are you sending when you refuse to sign your name?

What is the significance of signing your name to a document? What message are you sending when you sign your name? What message are you sending when you refuse to sign your name?

Federalist and Anti-federalist Graphic Organizer

What was Hamilton’s position on representation? What was Smith’s position? What arguments did they make in support of their claims?

Based on these arguments, what type of people would you guess tended to be Federalists? Based on these arguments, what type of people would you guess tended to be Anti-federalists?

I. The Great Debate A. September 17, 1787: 39 delegates signed the US Constitution (some refused) 1. 9/13 states needed to ratify – conventions were called in each state

B. Two groups formed: The Federalists & The Anti-Federalists 1. Federalists: wanted a strong national government to provide order & protect rights (a) George Washington, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton

2. Anti-Federalists: wanted a weak national government to ensure that the rights of the people and powers of the states were not threatened (a) George Mason, Patrick Henry, George Clinton

C. Bill of Rights: 1. Anti-Federalists: wanted a bill of rights added to the Constitution to protect people’s natural rights. 2. Federalists: argued that a bill of rights wasn’t necessary because government was limited by the Constitution but later agreed to add it (1st ten amendments)

D. The Federalist Papers: series of 85 pro-ratification essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, & James Madison – appeared in New York newspapers

E. 1790: Rhode Island becomes the last of the 13 states to ratify – Federalists win

Amendment Freedom or Right Amendment #1: Freedom of speech, of the press, of religion, and the right to petition and assemble. Amendment #2: Right to keep and bear arms. (Possess firearms) Amendment #3: People do not have to allow soldiers in their homes during peacetime Amendment #4: No unreasonable search and seizure without a search warrant Amendment #5: Guarantees that no one may be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law (Cannot be tried twice for the same crime (Double Jeopardy) and people do not have to testify against themselves) Amendment #6: Right to a speedy trial with witnesses and be defended by a lawyer. Amendment #7: Right to a jury trial in civil cases Amendment #8: No excessive bail or fines or cruel punishment Amendment #9: Rights of citizens are not limited to these listed rights. (Americans have rights not listed in the Constitution.) Amendment #10: Declares that powers not given to the national government belong to the states or to the people. (Education, Marriages, Driving Laws, etc…)

Amendment Year Ratified Subject Amendment #11: 1795 Lawsuits against states Amendment #12: 1804 Separate voting for President and Vice-President Amendment #13: 1865 Abolishes slavery Amendment #14: 1868 Equal protection under the law Amendment #15: 1870 All men get the right to vote - including ex-slaves Amendment #16: 1913 Federal Income Tax can be collected Amendment #17: Direct election of United States Senators Amendment #18: 1919 Prohibition of Alcohol in the United States (Volstead Act) Amendment #19: 1920 All women have the right to vote Amendment #20: 1933 January 20 is the day the new president takes office Amendment #21 Repealed the 18th Amendment Amendment #22 1951 President can only serve two terms in office Amendment #23 1961 Electoral Votes given to Washington D.C. Amendment #24 1964 Abolition of poll taxes Amendment #25 1967 Presidential disability and succession Amendment #26 1971 Voting age lowered from 21 to 18 Amendment #27 1992 Congressmen cannot vote to give themselves a raise in the same term

If you could have chosen, what side would you have supported? Closing Question: If you could have chosen, what side would you have supported?