FICTION Comes from the Latin word fictio meaning “something invented.” Any prose writing that tells an invented or imaginary story. Some fiction, is based on fact, while other forms, are highly unrealistic. Fictional works can vary in length. The Short Story originated in the United States! Edgar Allan Poe was instrumental in its development. This is one of the only art forms that is truly American! The Short Story creates a single dominant impression. Every detail in the story contributes to the overall theme or meaning of the work.

ELEMENTS of FICTION SETTING AND MOOD – The setting is the time and place in which a story occurs, together with all of the details used to create a sense of a particular time and place. The mood is the emotion created in the reader by part or all of the literary work. Mood is created through use of concrete details that may include descriptions of the setting, of characters, and events and is most often revealed by description of such elements as landscape, scenery, buildings, furniture, clothing, weather, and the season. In its widest sense, setting includes the general social, political, moral and psychological conditions in which characters find themselves.

ELEMENTS of FICTION PLOT - a series of events related to the central conflict. Exposition - the introduction; sets the tone and mood, introduces central characters and setting, and provides necessary background info. Inciting Incident - the event that introduces the central conflict Rising Action - develops the conflict to a high point of intensity. Climax - the high point of interest or suspense

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ELEMENTS of FICTION Crisis - or turning point, often the same point as the climax. The point of the plot where something decisive happens to determine the future course of events and the eventual working of the conflict. Falling Action - all of the events that follow the climax. Resolution - the point at which the central conflict is resolved. Denouement - any material that follow the resolution to tie up loose ends.

ELEMENTS of FICTION PLOT PYRAMID Climax Rising Action Falling Action Exposition Denouement Inciting Incident Resolution THEME - a central idea in a literary work. A long work such as a novel may deal with several interrelated themes.

ELEMENTS of FICTION CONFLICT - a struggle between two forces in a literary work. A plot involves the introduction, development, and eventual resolution of conflict. One side of the conflict is usually taken by the main character. That character may struggle against another character, against the forces of nature, against society or social norms, against fate, or some element within himself or herself. External conflict - a struggle that takes place between a character and an outside force. Internal conflict - a struggle that takes place within a character.

ELEMENTS of FICTION Unit 2 – pg 159 CHARACTER - a person or animal who figures in the action of a story. Types of Character - Protagonist - Main character; the central figure in a story - Antagonist - a character who is pitted against a protagonist - Major character – plays a significant role in the action of a story. Minor character - one with a lesser role. - One-dimensional - aka flat character is one who displays a single dominant quality or character trait. - Three-dimensional - aka full or rounded character is one who exhibits the complexity of traits associated with actual human beings.

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ELEMENTS of FICTION Types of Character, continued… Static Character - one who does not change during the course of the story. Dynamic character - one who does change during the course of a story. Stock character - one found again and again in different literary works. Motivation - the force that moves a character to think, feel, or behave in a certain way (love, greed, etc.) Motives - The particular reasons or causes behind a character’s actions are his or her motives.

ELEMENTS of FICTION NARRATIVE DEVICES - the deliberate choices a writer makes regarding how he/she will tell the story. Point of View – the perspective from which a story is told - First Person – the narrator is a character in the story, refers to him or herself as I or me, presents his/her own thoughts and interpretations, and lacks direct access to other characters’ thoughts. - Third Person Limited – is not a character in the story – is an outside observer and zooms in on the thoughts and feelings of one character, usually the protagonist. - Third person omniscient – is an “all knowing” outside observer who has access to thoughts and feelings of all characters.

ELEMENTS of FICTION Point of View – continued - Unreliable/naïve narrator – a narrator who doesn’t fully understand what he/she sees or experiences. Unreliable narrators may not understand due to personal deficiency, lack of knowledge, or deception on the part of others. Flashback – an episode that interrupts the action of the plot to show” something that happened at an earlier time (provides background) Foreshadowing – the writer’s use of hints or clues to indicate situations that will occur later in a story. Chronological order – the sequence in TIME in which events occur. May not be the same as the order in which the story is told.

ELEMENTS of FICTION WHY DOES THIS MATTER?????? THEME – the big idea about life that the author wants to convey to an audience to prompt them to think about human nature UNIVERSAL THEMES – archetypal themes that apply to all people in all cultures in all time periods. SYMBOLS – something concrete that represents an abstract idea and is often used to reinforce THEME. ARCHETYPAL SYMBOLS – symbols that apply to all people in all cultures in all time periods. Unit 4, pg 385

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