INTRODUCTION TO LEADERSHIP INTRODUCTIONS

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES DEFINE LEADERSHIP VIDEO CLIPS CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES WHAT IS LEADERSHIP Leadership can be defined as the social process in which one individual influences the behaviour of others to perform certain tasks intended to achieve specified goals. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Defining Leadership Leadership is an intangible quality. It cannot be measured in any traditional sense, although we can measure its results to the organisation. Warren Bennis said: “To an extent, leadership is like beauty. It is hard to define, but you know it when you see it.” CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Defining Leadership Leadership is the capability and resolve to rally people to a common purpose. The term can also refer to the character which inspires confidence The leader’s role is to inspire others to attain outstanding results. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Leadership is a concept of taking charge of a group of people in any setting. In an organisational setting, Leadership is an aspect of Management Management entails Coordinating the activities of groups and Directing group members’ efforts towards the realization of the organisations’ goal and objectives. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES The ability to inspire others The ability to influence others to see things from the same perspective The ability to rally others to a common purpose The ability to instil confidence and trust in others to share in one’s vision CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

LEADERSHIP VERSUS MANAGEMENT? CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES WHO CAN BE A LEADER? DO YOU CONSIDER YOURSELF A LEADER? WHY? HOW CAN YOU BE A LEADER? IN WHAT POSITIONS DO YOU ASSUME LEADERSHIP? LEADERSHIP TEST LET’s HEAR WHAT OTHER PEOPLE’s VIEWS ARE ON LEADERSHIP – VIDEO CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES TEST OF LEADERSHIP Good leadership can be manifested in the quality of the practices of followers. The skilled handling of cases and confidence evident in the followers and their commitment to duty, in the absence of the leader, mark the success and effectiveness of the leader. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Why are the physicians and the whole medical fraternity placed in the leadership mould like business leaders? Why should they not focus on what they were educated and trained to do - practise medicine? To these questions, Dr. John Waldhousen states, “in our values and our commitments - as physicians, our primary raison d’être is patient care. The welfare of patients, the education of students and residents, and the growth of research knowledge - these are important commitments underlying our profession.” CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Dr Waldhousen’s pronouncements have telling implications on the importance of leadership in the Medical field. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

LEADERSHIP Building and Empowering the team Motivating The team Listening, supporting and giving constructive criticism Conflict management Coaching and mentoring Managing Diversity LEADERSHIP Modelling and Sharing the culture Stress Management Delegation Managing Organisational politics Sharing the Vision Initiating and supporting a development culture Celebrating success with the team Effective communication Modelling and engaging Emotional Intelligence CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

THE TRUE TEST OF LEADERSSHIP What you leave behind is the true test of leadership. Creating the conditions for the reproduction of the organisation and future effective leaders is the ultimate test of leadership. It is about leaders and managers who can work themselves out of their jobs. It is about the legacy of efficiency, effectiveness and commitment passed on to the team and next generation. Leaders should be aware of their anchor of power! CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

Sources of power for leaders Firstly, the formal leaders derive their power from their legitimate position within the organisation. French and Raven give 5 main bases of power: Reward Power, Coercive Power, Expert Power, Referent Power, Legitimate/Position Power CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

Legitimate Power/Position Power Power acquired by virtue of being appointed to a position of authority within the organisational structure. Bestows the power to give instructions, orders and instill discipline and award rewards and punishment for good or bad behaviour respectively. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

Sources of Power for formal Leaders Legitimacy - this is, behaviour consistent with key organisational values. Values play an important role in organisations. They confer legitimacy and guide the behaviour of the members who adhere to them. Actions that conform to the prevailing value system are deemed credible or legitimate by other members of the organisation. Legitimacy increases acceptance and acceptance is a key to personal influence. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES . Reward Power Reward power (influencer) is based on one's ability to issue rewards that are valued by the other person Reward power is closely tied to legitimate power. People will comply because they expect positive benefits. The rewards can be in the form of money, promotion, challenging assignment, preferred work shifts and a lot others. Coercive and reward power are opposites.   CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Coercive power French describes coercive power as the power that is based on invoking fear. It is based on the influencer's capability and ability to punish the influencee for failure to meet requirements. It is the negative side of reward power. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Expert power Relates to the influence that emanates from possession of expertise , special skills or superior knowledge in a particular field. For example technical knowledge is a great source of expert power. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Expert power Managers are believed to possess some degree of expertise by virtue of being elevated to the position they occupy in the organisation (until they prove otherwise) CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Referent Power Based on admired personal qualities of an individual. The power to draw people to you because of a special desirable trait in you e.g. success in soccer, or singing, charisma, being well spoken, bravery, composure in times of adversity, etc. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Referent power cannot be bestowed upon an individual by virtue of their position in the organisation CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES These different sources of power are interrelated and one can operate on more than one at a time, for example, Expert power can also give rise to referent power and information power. Legitimate power will normally go with reward and coercive power and reinforced by referent power, expert power and information power. CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES ADDITIONAL SOURCES Informational power (Greenberg and Baron, 2010) Rational persuasion – based on knowledge and ability to be convincing. To rationally pose and explain issues and convince others to buy in CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES Leaders need to disabuse themselves of the belief that everything of value resides at the top and everyone should aspire to be there. How can leadership add value to those below them and those further down at the bottom rungs of the organisation or section or unit? CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

Characteristics of a leader Self-awareness Respect and respectful Taking responsibility Constructive rather than critical Persuasive dialogue – ideas, changes, patients, fellow workers and leaders CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES

CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES The final test of Leadership is not what the leader accomplishes while in office. It is what happens when they leave the scene. It is the legacy that they leave behind that makes them remembered long after they hand over the reigns of leadership If the enterprise collapses, ------------- (Adapted from James Taylor : Executive Director – Community Development Resource Association (CDRA) April 2006) CMRT – 2018 LEADERSHIP TRAINING: HEALTH SCIENCES