20-year trends in cause-specific heart failure outcomes by sex, socioeconomic status, and place of diagnosis: a population-based study  Claire A Lawson, PhD, Francesco Zaccardi, PhD, Prof Iain Squire, MD, Suping Ling, PhD, Prof Melanie J Davies, PhD, Prof Carolyn S P Lam, PhD, Prof Mamas A Mamas, PhD, Prof Kamlesh Khunti, PhD, Prof Umesh T Kadam, PhD  The Lancet Public Health  Volume 4, Issue 8, Pages e406-e420 (August 2019) DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30108-2 Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Predicted rates of cause-specific hospitalisation during the first year after heart failure diagnosis, by population group Data are predicted hospitalisation rates, estimated at the mean population age (77·8 years), per 100 person-years by cause, between 1998 and 2015. Whiskers are 95% CIs. Hospitalisations included all non-elective admissions with at least one overnight stay and occurring after but not including the date of heart failure diagnosis. Follow-up was until death or study end. The Lancet Public Health 2019 4, e406-e420DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30108-2) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 First-year rates of mortality, by population group and calendar year of diagnosis Data are predicted rates of mortality per 100 person-years at mean population age (77·8 years) per 100 person-years between 1998 and 2015. Whiskers are 95% CIs. Rates were calculated in survivors of the first month after heart failure diagnosis. The Lancet Public Health 2019 4, e406-e420DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30108-2) Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions