IL-2–inducible T-cell kinase modulates TH2-mediated allergic airway inflammation by suppressing IFN-γ in naive CD4+ T cells Arun K. Kannan, MS, Nisebita.

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Presentation transcript:

IL-2–inducible T-cell kinase modulates TH2-mediated allergic airway inflammation by suppressing IFN-γ in naive CD4+ T cells Arun K. Kannan, MS, Nisebita Sahu, PhD, Sunish Mohanan, BVSc, MS, Sonia Mohinta, MS, Avery August, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 132, Issue 4, Pages 811-820.e5 (October 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.033 Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Itk negatively regulates TH1 genes, thus regulating TH2 differentiation. A, qRT-PCR on naive CD4+ T cells from WT and Itk−/− mice and analyzed for the indicated genes. B, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of naive CD4+ T cells for the indicated proteins in unstimulated (US) or stimulated (S; P/I for 5 hours) conditions. Data are expressed as the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) index, as follows: MFI × (% Stained − Background stain). C, Naive CD4+ T cells cultured under TH2-polarizing conditions and analyzed for the indicated genes at the indicated time points. D, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis for the indicated proteins in TH2 culture conditions over the indicated time course. Data are expressed as the MFI index. qRT-PCR data were normalized to expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), followed by normalization to the respective unstimulated naive control cells. *P < .05 by t test (mean ± SEM of 2 to 4 independent experiments; Fig 1, A and B) or by ANOVA (mean ± SEM of 2 independent experiments, with each experiment performed on pooled cells from at least 3 mice per group; Fig 1, C and D) comparing WT with Itk−/− cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 811-820.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.033) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Itk negatively regulates IFN-γ to regulate the expression of T-bet. A, qRT-PCR on naive CD4+ T cells from the indicated mice and analyzed for IFN-γ, T-bet, and Eomes. Values are presented as means ± SEMs of 2 to 3 independent experiments. *P < .05 by t test, Itk−/− versus Itk/IFN-γ DKO cells. B, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis for the indicated proteins in naive CD4+ T cells under unstimulated (US) or stimulated (S; P/I for 5 hours) conditions. Data are expressed as the MFI index (see the legend for Fig 1). Values are presented as means ± SEMs (n ≥ 3). *P < .05 by t test, WT versus Itk−/− and Itk−/− vs Itk/T-bet DKO mice (IFN-γ); WT versus Itk−/− and Itk−/− versus Itk/IFN-γ DKO mice (T-bet); and WT versus Itk−/− and Itk−/− versus Itk/IFN-γ DKO mice (Eomes). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 811-820.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.033) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Itk signaling controls the expression of both T-bet and IFN-γ to regulate IL-4 secretion in human peripheral blood T cells. A, Human peripheral blood T cells transduced with either control lentivirus (shNull) or carrying shRNA against Itk (shItk) were stimulated with α-CD3/CD28 then analyzed for Itk mRNA (left) or protein levels from total cell lysates probed with α-Itk (top right) or α-β-actin (bottom right). B, Cells treated as in Fig 3, A, were restimulated for 24 hours and analyzed for T-bet and IFN-γ expression by using qRT-PCR. Values in Fig 3, A and B, are means ± SEMs of at least 4 individual donors. *P < .05 by t test. C, Purified CD4+ T cells treated as in Fig 3, A, were restimulated for 5 hours in the presence of brefeldin A and analyzed for the expression of T-bet and IFN-γ by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (top panels) and quantified as the percentage of positive cells (bottom panels). Values are presented as means ± SEMs of 5 individual donors. *P < .05 by t test. D, Cells treated as above were restimulated for 24 hours, and the supernatant was analyzed for IL-4 by using ELISA (limit of detection, 4.5 pg/mL). Values are presented as means ± SEMs of 4 individual donors. *P < .05 by t test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 811-820.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.033) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Removal of IFN-γ restores IL-4 expression in Itk−/− T cells in vitro. A, IL-4 expression determined by using qRT-PCR from naive CD4+ T cells cultured under TH2-polarizing conditions over the indicated time points (*P < .05). Data are normalized to naive unstimulated cells and means ± SEMs of 2 independent experiments, with each experiment performed on pooled cells from at least 3 mice per group. *P < .05 by ANOVA. B, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of IL-4 at day 3 of culture (data are expressed as the MFI index; see the legend for Fig 1). Values are means ± SEMs (n = 3). *P < .05 by t test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 811-820.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.033) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Itk signaling controls accessibility of the IFN-γ locus. A, ChIP assay on naive WT and Itk−/− CD4+ T cells by using α-H3K4me2 or α-H3K27me3. The IFN-γ promoter region was amplified. B, ChIP assay on naive WT and Itk−/− CD4+ T cells with α-H3K4me2. The promoter and indicated CNS regions along the IFN-γ locus were amplified by using qPCR. Data are expressed as fold enrichment over respective IgG controls after correcting for percentage input. Values are means ± SEMs of 2 to 3 independent experiments. *P < .05 by t test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 811-820.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.033) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Removal of IFN-γ restores TH2-driven allergic airway inflammation in Itk−/− mice. A, Lung sections from the indicated mice exposed to HDM analyzed for mucus by staining for periodic acid–Schiff. B, Quantitative analysis of goblet cell hyperplasia and bronchiolar lumen occlusion from hematoxylin and eosin– and periodic acid–Schiff–stained lung sections. *P < .05 by t test (n ≥ 3). C, BALF from lungs of HDM-exposed mice were analyzed for the number of CD4+TCRβ+ T cells (left) or eosinophils (right). *P < .05 by t test (n ≥ 4). D, qRT-PCR analysis of total lung tissue RNA from the indicated mice exposed to HDM and analyzed for the indicated cytokines. *P < .05 by t test (n ≥ 8). E, Analysis of the indicated mice for airway resistance after HDM exposure. *P < .05 by ANOVA (n = 3-10), WT versus Itk−/− and PBS control animals (WT/C; left; Itk/IFN-γ DKO vs Itk−/−). Itk−/− data in the right panel were taken from the left panel for ease of comparison (right). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 811-820.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.033) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 Flow cytometric plots of isotype and positive controls for the indicated proteins. PE, Phycoerythrin; PerCP, peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 811-820.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.033) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions